Design of PRS enabled monopole slotted-antenna sensor for breast tumor detection

Abstract This article introduces a near-field microwave sensor based on a monopole antenna for breast tumor detection. The designed antenna operates at 2 GHz and is miniaturized by 37% through the etching of two pairs of rectangular slots along its edges, achieving a compact footprint of 0.28λg × 0....

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Main Authors: Tiruganesh Lanka, Divya Chaturvedi, M. V. L. Bhavani, Arvind Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99102-9
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author Tiruganesh Lanka
Divya Chaturvedi
M. V. L. Bhavani
Arvind Kumar
author_facet Tiruganesh Lanka
Divya Chaturvedi
M. V. L. Bhavani
Arvind Kumar
author_sort Tiruganesh Lanka
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This article introduces a near-field microwave sensor based on a monopole antenna for breast tumor detection. The designed antenna operates at 2 GHz and is miniaturized by 37% through the etching of two pairs of rectangular slots along its edges, achieving a compact footprint of 0.28λg × 0.42λg (where λg is the guided wavelength at 2 GHz). To enhance gain, a partially reflective surface (PRS) is positioned behind the radiating monopole, increasing the antenna gain from 2.15 to 7 dBi. The monopole antenna is fabricated using Rogers RT5880 (0.787 mm thickness), while the PRS is made from Rogers TMM13i (3.8 mm thickness). The proposed antenna exhibits high radiation efficiency (95–99%) across the 1.9–2.1 GHz bandwidth. A 3D artificial female breast equivalent phantom is developed to evaluate the sensor’s performance. The PRS-enabled antenna is analyzed in terms of reflected and transmitted power variations at different distances from the phantom. Simulation and experimental results confirm that integrating PRS improves the sensor’s sensitivity and its ability to differentiate between healthy and malignant tissues. Furthermore, specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis indicates that an input power of 50 mW meets SAR safety standards. The proposed antenna is compact, simple, and a safer alternative to X-rays, providing a portable solution for effective breast tumor detection.
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-2a51cef39c0e4e859fe9f13cf7331be12025-08-20T02:30:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-99102-9Design of PRS enabled monopole slotted-antenna sensor for breast tumor detectionTiruganesh Lanka0Divya Chaturvedi1M. V. L. Bhavani2Arvind Kumar3Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University-APDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology PuneDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University-APDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology NagpurAbstract This article introduces a near-field microwave sensor based on a monopole antenna for breast tumor detection. The designed antenna operates at 2 GHz and is miniaturized by 37% through the etching of two pairs of rectangular slots along its edges, achieving a compact footprint of 0.28λg × 0.42λg (where λg is the guided wavelength at 2 GHz). To enhance gain, a partially reflective surface (PRS) is positioned behind the radiating monopole, increasing the antenna gain from 2.15 to 7 dBi. The monopole antenna is fabricated using Rogers RT5880 (0.787 mm thickness), while the PRS is made from Rogers TMM13i (3.8 mm thickness). The proposed antenna exhibits high radiation efficiency (95–99%) across the 1.9–2.1 GHz bandwidth. A 3D artificial female breast equivalent phantom is developed to evaluate the sensor’s performance. The PRS-enabled antenna is analyzed in terms of reflected and transmitted power variations at different distances from the phantom. Simulation and experimental results confirm that integrating PRS improves the sensor’s sensitivity and its ability to differentiate between healthy and malignant tissues. Furthermore, specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis indicates that an input power of 50 mW meets SAR safety standards. The proposed antenna is compact, simple, and a safer alternative to X-rays, providing a portable solution for effective breast tumor detection.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99102-9Breast phantomMonopole antennaMalignant tissuesPartially reflective surface (PRS)Specific-absorption rate (SAR)
spellingShingle Tiruganesh Lanka
Divya Chaturvedi
M. V. L. Bhavani
Arvind Kumar
Design of PRS enabled monopole slotted-antenna sensor for breast tumor detection
Scientific Reports
Breast phantom
Monopole antenna
Malignant tissues
Partially reflective surface (PRS)
Specific-absorption rate (SAR)
title Design of PRS enabled monopole slotted-antenna sensor for breast tumor detection
title_full Design of PRS enabled monopole slotted-antenna sensor for breast tumor detection
title_fullStr Design of PRS enabled monopole slotted-antenna sensor for breast tumor detection
title_full_unstemmed Design of PRS enabled monopole slotted-antenna sensor for breast tumor detection
title_short Design of PRS enabled monopole slotted-antenna sensor for breast tumor detection
title_sort design of prs enabled monopole slotted antenna sensor for breast tumor detection
topic Breast phantom
Monopole antenna
Malignant tissues
Partially reflective surface (PRS)
Specific-absorption rate (SAR)
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99102-9
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AT divyachaturvedi designofprsenabledmonopoleslottedantennasensorforbreasttumordetection
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AT arvindkumar designofprsenabledmonopoleslottedantennasensorforbreasttumordetection