Decoding auditory working memory content from EEG responses to auditory-cortical TMS

Working memory (WM), short term maintenance of information for goal directed behavior, is essential to human cognition. Identifying the neural mechanisms supporting WM is a focal point of neuroscientific research. One prominent theory hypothesizes that WM content is carried in “activity-silent” brai...

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Main Authors: Işıl Uluç, Mohammad Daneshzand, Mainak Jas, Parker Kotlarz, Kaisu Lankinen, Jennifer L. Fiedler, Fahimeh Mamashli, Netri Pajankar, Tori Turpin, Lucia Navarro de Lara, Padmavathi Sundaram, Tommi Raij, Aapo Nummenmaa, Jyrki Ahveninen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Brain Stimulation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25000518
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author Işıl Uluç
Mohammad Daneshzand
Mainak Jas
Parker Kotlarz
Kaisu Lankinen
Jennifer L. Fiedler
Fahimeh Mamashli
Netri Pajankar
Tori Turpin
Lucia Navarro de Lara
Padmavathi Sundaram
Tommi Raij
Aapo Nummenmaa
Jyrki Ahveninen
author_facet Işıl Uluç
Mohammad Daneshzand
Mainak Jas
Parker Kotlarz
Kaisu Lankinen
Jennifer L. Fiedler
Fahimeh Mamashli
Netri Pajankar
Tori Turpin
Lucia Navarro de Lara
Padmavathi Sundaram
Tommi Raij
Aapo Nummenmaa
Jyrki Ahveninen
author_sort Işıl Uluç
collection DOAJ
description Working memory (WM), short term maintenance of information for goal directed behavior, is essential to human cognition. Identifying the neural mechanisms supporting WM is a focal point of neuroscientific research. One prominent theory hypothesizes that WM content is carried in “activity-silent” brain states involving short-term synaptic changes. Information carried in such brain states could be decodable from content-specific changes in responses to unrelated “impulse stimuli”. Here, we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) as the impulse stimulus and then decoded content maintained in WM from EEG using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) with robust non-parametric permutation testing. The decoding accuracy of WM content significantly enhanced after spTMS was delivered to the posterior superior temporal cortex during WM maintenance. Our results show that WM maintenance involves brain states, which are activity silent relative to other intrinsic processes visible in the EEG signal.
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institution OA Journals
issn 1935-861X
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Brain Stimulation
spelling doaj-art-2a5145e7151a46ee92139b278cbce61f2025-08-20T02:32:54ZengElsevierBrain Stimulation1935-861X2025-05-0118364965810.1016/j.brs.2025.02.020Decoding auditory working memory content from EEG responses to auditory-cortical TMSIşıl Uluç0Mohammad Daneshzand1Mainak Jas2Parker Kotlarz3Kaisu Lankinen4Jennifer L. Fiedler5Fahimeh Mamashli6Netri Pajankar7Tori Turpin8Lucia Navarro de Lara9Padmavathi Sundaram10Tommi Raij11Aapo Nummenmaa12Jyrki Ahveninen13Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149, 13th St. A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. iuluc@mgh.harvard.eduAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAWorking memory (WM), short term maintenance of information for goal directed behavior, is essential to human cognition. Identifying the neural mechanisms supporting WM is a focal point of neuroscientific research. One prominent theory hypothesizes that WM content is carried in “activity-silent” brain states involving short-term synaptic changes. Information carried in such brain states could be decodable from content-specific changes in responses to unrelated “impulse stimuli”. Here, we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) as the impulse stimulus and then decoded content maintained in WM from EEG using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) with robust non-parametric permutation testing. The decoding accuracy of WM content significantly enhanced after spTMS was delivered to the posterior superior temporal cortex during WM maintenance. Our results show that WM maintenance involves brain states, which are activity silent relative to other intrinsic processes visible in the EEG signal.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25000518Working memoryAuditory working memoryTranscranial magnetic stimulationTMS-EEGMVPA
spellingShingle Işıl Uluç
Mohammad Daneshzand
Mainak Jas
Parker Kotlarz
Kaisu Lankinen
Jennifer L. Fiedler
Fahimeh Mamashli
Netri Pajankar
Tori Turpin
Lucia Navarro de Lara
Padmavathi Sundaram
Tommi Raij
Aapo Nummenmaa
Jyrki Ahveninen
Decoding auditory working memory content from EEG responses to auditory-cortical TMS
Brain Stimulation
Working memory
Auditory working memory
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
TMS-EEG
MVPA
title Decoding auditory working memory content from EEG responses to auditory-cortical TMS
title_full Decoding auditory working memory content from EEG responses to auditory-cortical TMS
title_fullStr Decoding auditory working memory content from EEG responses to auditory-cortical TMS
title_full_unstemmed Decoding auditory working memory content from EEG responses to auditory-cortical TMS
title_short Decoding auditory working memory content from EEG responses to auditory-cortical TMS
title_sort decoding auditory working memory content from eeg responses to auditory cortical tms
topic Working memory
Auditory working memory
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
TMS-EEG
MVPA
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25000518
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