A Case of NMO Presenting with Hyperthyroidism

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system with extensive clinical presentations but based on the international consensus diagnostic criteria 2015. The horizon has broadened to a larger entity called NMOSD or NMO spectrum disorders. Nonneurological systemic autoimm...

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Main Authors: Yukti Bansal, Anil Kumar Patra, Bipul Chandra Kalita
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2023-01-01
Series:Assam Journal of Internal Medicine
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ajoim.ajoim_6_23
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author Yukti Bansal
Anil Kumar Patra
Bipul Chandra Kalita
author_facet Yukti Bansal
Anil Kumar Patra
Bipul Chandra Kalita
author_sort Yukti Bansal
collection DOAJ
description Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system with extensive clinical presentations but based on the international consensus diagnostic criteria 2015. The horizon has broadened to a larger entity called NMOSD or NMO spectrum disorders. Nonneurological systemic autoimmune diseases especially thyroid disorders are commonly associated with NMOSD, among which Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is common, whereas not much literature is available regarding the association of Graves’ disease with NMOSD. A 38-year-old male presented with acute onset upper motor neuron quadriparesis along with features of hyperthyroidism with a prior history of sudden onset bilateral decreased vision of both eyes 3 years back. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed T2 hyperintensity involving cervicodorsal cord from C4 to D6 indicating a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) but brain MRI was normal. Serum antiaquaporin 4 antibody in the cell-based assay was positive. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone was very low with high free T4 and positive thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody and anti-thyroid peroxidase Ab. With optic neuritis, transverse myelitis (LETM), and positive antiaquaporin 4 antibody, he was diagnosed with NMO with Graves’ disease. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are associated with NMO in many studies but precise clinical and serological quantification of thyroid disorders especially Graves’ disease is still lacking. We are presenting a case of NMO with Graves’ disease who presented with symptoms of hyperthyroidism before myelitis. Our patient developed myelitis almost 3 years after having optic neuritis, but before myelitis, he was having symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Hence, patients of suspected NMO must be monitored for other nonneurological autoimmune diseases both clinically and serologically even in early stage when they are not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria.
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spelling doaj-art-2a4ed085015140d7a8d9a38d9e152f602025-08-20T01:55:11ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAssam Journal of Internal Medicine2278-82392023-01-01131333510.4103/ajoim.ajoim_6_23A Case of NMO Presenting with HyperthyroidismYukti BansalAnil Kumar PatraBipul Chandra KalitaNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system with extensive clinical presentations but based on the international consensus diagnostic criteria 2015. The horizon has broadened to a larger entity called NMOSD or NMO spectrum disorders. Nonneurological systemic autoimmune diseases especially thyroid disorders are commonly associated with NMOSD, among which Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is common, whereas not much literature is available regarding the association of Graves’ disease with NMOSD. A 38-year-old male presented with acute onset upper motor neuron quadriparesis along with features of hyperthyroidism with a prior history of sudden onset bilateral decreased vision of both eyes 3 years back. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed T2 hyperintensity involving cervicodorsal cord from C4 to D6 indicating a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) but brain MRI was normal. Serum antiaquaporin 4 antibody in the cell-based assay was positive. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone was very low with high free T4 and positive thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody and anti-thyroid peroxidase Ab. With optic neuritis, transverse myelitis (LETM), and positive antiaquaporin 4 antibody, he was diagnosed with NMO with Graves’ disease. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are associated with NMO in many studies but precise clinical and serological quantification of thyroid disorders especially Graves’ disease is still lacking. We are presenting a case of NMO with Graves’ disease who presented with symptoms of hyperthyroidism before myelitis. Our patient developed myelitis almost 3 years after having optic neuritis, but before myelitis, he was having symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Hence, patients of suspected NMO must be monitored for other nonneurological autoimmune diseases both clinically and serologically even in early stage when they are not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ajoim.ajoim_6_23autoimmunityhyperthyroidismmyelitisneuritis
spellingShingle Yukti Bansal
Anil Kumar Patra
Bipul Chandra Kalita
A Case of NMO Presenting with Hyperthyroidism
Assam Journal of Internal Medicine
autoimmunity
hyperthyroidism
myelitis
neuritis
title A Case of NMO Presenting with Hyperthyroidism
title_full A Case of NMO Presenting with Hyperthyroidism
title_fullStr A Case of NMO Presenting with Hyperthyroidism
title_full_unstemmed A Case of NMO Presenting with Hyperthyroidism
title_short A Case of NMO Presenting with Hyperthyroidism
title_sort case of nmo presenting with hyperthyroidism
topic autoimmunity
hyperthyroidism
myelitis
neuritis
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ajoim.ajoim_6_23
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AT anilkumarpatra caseofnmopresentingwithhyperthyroidism
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