Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications
Periodontal disease remains a significant global health concern, characterized by complex host–pathogen interactions leading to tissue destruction. This review explored the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, synthesizing current knowledge on thei...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Molecular Pathology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5261/5/4/33 |
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| author | Elisabetta Ferrara Francesco Mastrocola |
| author_facet | Elisabetta Ferrara Francesco Mastrocola |
| author_sort | Elisabetta Ferrara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periodontal disease remains a significant global health concern, characterized by complex host–pathogen interactions leading to tissue destruction. This review explored the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, synthesizing current knowledge on their molecular mechanisms and potential as therapeutic targets. We examined the diverse family of PRRs, focusing on toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), elucidating their activation by periodontal pathogens and subsequent downstream signaling cascades. This review highlights the intricate interplay between PRR-mediated pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK signaling, and their impact on inflammatory responses and bone metabolism in periodontal tissues. We discussed the emerging concept of PRR crosstalk and its implications for periodontal homeostasis and disease progression. Furthermore, this review addressed the potential of PRR-targeted therapies, exploring both challenges and opportunities in translating molecular insights into clinical applications. By providing an overview of PRRs in periodontal health and disease, this review aims to stimulate future research directions and inform the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in periodontology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a48328692ff44e3971cf5ae6792808b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2673-5261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Molecular Pathology |
| spelling | doaj-art-2a48328692ff44e3971cf5ae6792808b2025-08-20T02:50:59ZengMDPI AGJournal of Molecular Pathology2673-52612024-11-015449751110.3390/jmp5040033Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic ImplicationsElisabetta Ferrara0Francesco Mastrocola1PhD Programme in “Sustainable Blue Economy and One Health”—XXXIX Cycle, Department of Human Sciences, Law, and Economics “Leonardo da Vinci”, UNIDAV, Telematic University, Torrevecchia Teatina, 66100 Chieti, ItalyPhD Programme in “Digital Transition, Innovation and Health Service”—XXXVIII Cycle, Department of Human Sciences, Law, and Economics “Leonardo da Vinci”, UNIDAV, Telematic University, Torrevecchia Teatina, 66100 Chieti, ItalyPeriodontal disease remains a significant global health concern, characterized by complex host–pathogen interactions leading to tissue destruction. This review explored the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, synthesizing current knowledge on their molecular mechanisms and potential as therapeutic targets. We examined the diverse family of PRRs, focusing on toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), elucidating their activation by periodontal pathogens and subsequent downstream signaling cascades. This review highlights the intricate interplay between PRR-mediated pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK signaling, and their impact on inflammatory responses and bone metabolism in periodontal tissues. We discussed the emerging concept of PRR crosstalk and its implications for periodontal homeostasis and disease progression. Furthermore, this review addressed the potential of PRR-targeted therapies, exploring both challenges and opportunities in translating molecular insights into clinical applications. By providing an overview of PRRs in periodontal health and disease, this review aims to stimulate future research directions and inform the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in periodontology.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5261/5/4/33immune responsepattern recognition receptorsperiodontal disease |
| spellingShingle | Elisabetta Ferrara Francesco Mastrocola Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications Journal of Molecular Pathology immune response pattern recognition receptors periodontal disease |
| title | Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications |
| title_full | Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications |
| title_fullStr | Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications |
| title_short | Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications |
| title_sort | pattern recognition receptors in periodontal disease molecular mechanisms signaling pathways and therapeutic implications |
| topic | immune response pattern recognition receptors periodontal disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5261/5/4/33 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elisabettaferrara patternrecognitionreceptorsinperiodontaldiseasemolecularmechanismssignalingpathwaysandtherapeuticimplications AT francescomastrocola patternrecognitionreceptorsinperiodontaldiseasemolecularmechanismssignalingpathwaysandtherapeuticimplications |