Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications

Periodontal disease remains a significant global health concern, characterized by complex host–pathogen interactions leading to tissue destruction. This review explored the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, synthesizing current knowledge on thei...

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Main Authors: Elisabetta Ferrara, Francesco Mastrocola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Molecular Pathology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5261/5/4/33
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author Elisabetta Ferrara
Francesco Mastrocola
author_facet Elisabetta Ferrara
Francesco Mastrocola
author_sort Elisabetta Ferrara
collection DOAJ
description Periodontal disease remains a significant global health concern, characterized by complex host–pathogen interactions leading to tissue destruction. This review explored the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, synthesizing current knowledge on their molecular mechanisms and potential as therapeutic targets. We examined the diverse family of PRRs, focusing on toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), elucidating their activation by periodontal pathogens and subsequent downstream signaling cascades. This review highlights the intricate interplay between PRR-mediated pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK signaling, and their impact on inflammatory responses and bone metabolism in periodontal tissues. We discussed the emerging concept of PRR crosstalk and its implications for periodontal homeostasis and disease progression. Furthermore, this review addressed the potential of PRR-targeted therapies, exploring both challenges and opportunities in translating molecular insights into clinical applications. By providing an overview of PRRs in periodontal health and disease, this review aims to stimulate future research directions and inform the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in periodontology.
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spelling doaj-art-2a48328692ff44e3971cf5ae6792808b2025-08-20T02:50:59ZengMDPI AGJournal of Molecular Pathology2673-52612024-11-015449751110.3390/jmp5040033Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic ImplicationsElisabetta Ferrara0Francesco Mastrocola1PhD Programme in “Sustainable Blue Economy and One Health”—XXXIX Cycle, Department of Human Sciences, Law, and Economics “Leonardo da Vinci”, UNIDAV, Telematic University, Torrevecchia Teatina, 66100 Chieti, ItalyPhD Programme in “Digital Transition, Innovation and Health Service”—XXXVIII Cycle, Department of Human Sciences, Law, and Economics “Leonardo da Vinci”, UNIDAV, Telematic University, Torrevecchia Teatina, 66100 Chieti, ItalyPeriodontal disease remains a significant global health concern, characterized by complex host–pathogen interactions leading to tissue destruction. This review explored the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, synthesizing current knowledge on their molecular mechanisms and potential as therapeutic targets. We examined the diverse family of PRRs, focusing on toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), elucidating their activation by periodontal pathogens and subsequent downstream signaling cascades. This review highlights the intricate interplay between PRR-mediated pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK signaling, and their impact on inflammatory responses and bone metabolism in periodontal tissues. We discussed the emerging concept of PRR crosstalk and its implications for periodontal homeostasis and disease progression. Furthermore, this review addressed the potential of PRR-targeted therapies, exploring both challenges and opportunities in translating molecular insights into clinical applications. By providing an overview of PRRs in periodontal health and disease, this review aims to stimulate future research directions and inform the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in periodontology.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5261/5/4/33immune responsepattern recognition receptorsperiodontal disease
spellingShingle Elisabetta Ferrara
Francesco Mastrocola
Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications
Journal of Molecular Pathology
immune response
pattern recognition receptors
periodontal disease
title Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications
title_full Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications
title_fullStr Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications
title_full_unstemmed Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications
title_short Pattern Recognition Receptors in Periodontal Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications
title_sort pattern recognition receptors in periodontal disease molecular mechanisms signaling pathways and therapeutic implications
topic immune response
pattern recognition receptors
periodontal disease
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5261/5/4/33
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AT francescomastrocola patternrecognitionreceptorsinperiodontaldiseasemolecularmechanismssignalingpathwaysandtherapeuticimplications