Impact of Penetrating Kelvin Waves on MJO Rainfall Propagation Through Deep Convection Modulation
Abstract The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a dominant intraseasonal oscillation in the tropics. As MJOs propagate over the Indian Ocean, some of them can be penetrated by fast‐moving equatorial Kelvin waves originating to the west of the MJOs. Through a series of sensitivity experiments, we dem...
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Wiley
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Geophysical Research Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116549 |
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| author | Xingchao Chen L. Ruby Leung Zhe Feng |
| author_facet | Xingchao Chen L. Ruby Leung Zhe Feng |
| author_sort | Xingchao Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a dominant intraseasonal oscillation in the tropics. As MJOs propagate over the Indian Ocean, some of them can be penetrated by fast‐moving equatorial Kelvin waves originating to the west of the MJOs. Through a series of sensitivity experiments, we demonstrate that these penetrating Kelvin waves can modulate the eastward propagation speed of MJO rainfall. Deep convection in the western MJO rainfall envelope initiates more frequently and produces greater lifetime rainfall when a convectively active Kelvin phase is present, while the opposite occurs during a convectively suppressed Kelvin phase. This alteration in deep convection activity can lead to notable changes in the propagation of the large‐scale MJO rainfall envelope. The modulation of deep convection lifetime rainfall by penetrating Kelvin waves primarily occurs through their impact on deep convection rainfall area, which is closely related to the variations in lower‐tropospheric moisture induced by the Kelvin waves. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a44aef7f70b4e34b9686aef0823b766 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geophysical Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-2a44aef7f70b4e34b9686aef0823b7662025-08-20T02:05:13ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-05-015210n/an/a10.1029/2025GL116549Impact of Penetrating Kelvin Waves on MJO Rainfall Propagation Through Deep Convection ModulationXingchao Chen0L. Ruby Leung1Zhe Feng2Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, and Center for Advanced Data Assimilation and Predictability Techniques The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USAAtmospheric, Climate, & Earth Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USAAtmospheric, Climate, & Earth Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USAAbstract The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a dominant intraseasonal oscillation in the tropics. As MJOs propagate over the Indian Ocean, some of them can be penetrated by fast‐moving equatorial Kelvin waves originating to the west of the MJOs. Through a series of sensitivity experiments, we demonstrate that these penetrating Kelvin waves can modulate the eastward propagation speed of MJO rainfall. Deep convection in the western MJO rainfall envelope initiates more frequently and produces greater lifetime rainfall when a convectively active Kelvin phase is present, while the opposite occurs during a convectively suppressed Kelvin phase. This alteration in deep convection activity can lead to notable changes in the propagation of the large‐scale MJO rainfall envelope. The modulation of deep convection lifetime rainfall by penetrating Kelvin waves primarily occurs through their impact on deep convection rainfall area, which is closely related to the variations in lower‐tropospheric moisture induced by the Kelvin waves.https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116549MJOKelvin wavesconvection |
| spellingShingle | Xingchao Chen L. Ruby Leung Zhe Feng Impact of Penetrating Kelvin Waves on MJO Rainfall Propagation Through Deep Convection Modulation Geophysical Research Letters MJO Kelvin waves convection |
| title | Impact of Penetrating Kelvin Waves on MJO Rainfall Propagation Through Deep Convection Modulation |
| title_full | Impact of Penetrating Kelvin Waves on MJO Rainfall Propagation Through Deep Convection Modulation |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Penetrating Kelvin Waves on MJO Rainfall Propagation Through Deep Convection Modulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Penetrating Kelvin Waves on MJO Rainfall Propagation Through Deep Convection Modulation |
| title_short | Impact of Penetrating Kelvin Waves on MJO Rainfall Propagation Through Deep Convection Modulation |
| title_sort | impact of penetrating kelvin waves on mjo rainfall propagation through deep convection modulation |
| topic | MJO Kelvin waves convection |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116549 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xingchaochen impactofpenetratingkelvinwavesonmjorainfallpropagationthroughdeepconvectionmodulation AT lrubyleung impactofpenetratingkelvinwavesonmjorainfallpropagationthroughdeepconvectionmodulation AT zhefeng impactofpenetratingkelvinwavesonmjorainfallpropagationthroughdeepconvectionmodulation |