Solvation Structure and Interface Engineering Synergy in Low-Temperature Sodium-Ion Batteries: Advances and Prospects
The performance degradation of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in extremely low-temperature conditions has faced significant challenges for energy storage applications in extreme environments. This review systematically establishes failure mechanisms that govern the performance of low-temperature SIBs,...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/11/820 |
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| Summary: | The performance degradation of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in extremely low-temperature conditions has faced significant challenges for energy storage applications in extreme environments. This review systematically establishes failure mechanisms that govern the performance of low-temperature SIBs, including significantly increased electrolyte viscosity, lattice distortion and adverse phase transitions in electrodes, and sluggish desolvation kinetics at the solid electrolyte interface. Herein, we specifically summarize a series of multi-scale optimization strategies to address these low-temperature challenges: (1) optimizing low-freezing-point solvent components and regulating solvation structures to increase ionic diffusion conductivity; (2) enhancing the hierarchical structure of electrodes and optimizing electron distribution density to improve structural stability and capacity retention at low temperatures; and (3) constructing an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase to induce uniform ion deposition, reduce the desolvation barrier, and inhibit side reactions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of low-temperature SIB applications coupled with advanced characterization and first-principles simulations. Furthermore, we highlight solvation-shell dynamics, charge transfer kinetics, and metastable-phase evolution at the atomic scale, along with the critical pathways for overcoming low-temperature limitations. This review aims to establish fundamental principles and technological guidelines for deploying advanced SIBs in extreme low-temperature environments. |
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| ISSN: | 2079-4991 |