Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically devastating infectious disease in cattle. Rembang Regency, located in Central Java, Indonesia, has suffered over 3800 cases of LSD and 75 deaths since early 2023. This region holds the 4th number of most populous beef cattle producers i...
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Veterinary World
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
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| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/January-2025/9.pdf |
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| author | Yayan Taufiq Hidayat Roza Azizah Primatika Yatri Drastini |
| author_facet | Yayan Taufiq Hidayat Roza Azizah Primatika Yatri Drastini |
| author_sort | Yayan Taufiq Hidayat |
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| description | Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically devastating infectious disease in cattle. Rembang Regency, located in Central Java, Indonesia, has suffered over 3800 cases of LSD and 75 deaths since early 2023. This region holds the 4th number of most populous beef cattle producers in Central Java. However, until now, there have been no reports on the prevalence and risk factors related to LSD in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LSD and identify associated risk factors in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: The sample size was 458 cattle, which were determined using the formula (n = 4PQ/L2) and two-stage random sampling technique, were examined physically through LSD typical clinical signs, namely distinguishing firm, circumscribed, few (mild forms) to multiple (severe forms) skin nodules. Structured questionnaires and interviews with farm owners were used to identify risk factors. The data related to the LSD were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis with Chi-square and odd ratios, and multivariate logistic regression to retrieve the logit model. All data were compiled in Microsoft® Excel, while analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0.
Results: The prevalence of LSD in Rembang Regency was 28.2%. There were 11 significant risk factors associated with LSD. The multivariate analysis indicated that risk factors significantly contributing to LSD were knowledge of LSD transmission (p = 0.035, Odds ratios [OR] = 2.933), waste management (p = 0.014, OR = 4.015), rainy season (p = 0.019, OR = 2.944), and proximity between farms (p = 0.003, OR = 4.506). The logistic regression model analysis was as follows: LSD (Y) = −6.719 + 1.041 (knowledge of LSD transmission) + 1.390 (waste management) + 1.080 (rainy season) + 1.505 (proximity between farms).
Conclusion: This study revealed a significant prevalence of LSD in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, with 28.2% of cattle affected. Key risk factors contributing to LSD outbreaks were insufficient knowledge of transmission, inadequate waste management, seasonal rainfall, and close proximity between farms. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, including educational programs for farm owners, improved waste management practices, and strategies to mitigate seasonal and spatial risks to control LSD in the region effectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a2dc19058944d939040ba3e3c829ea3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2a2dc19058944d939040ba3e3c829ea32025-01-16T13:22:09ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162025-01-01181768410.14202/vetworld.2025.76-84Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, IndonesiaYayan Taufiq Hidayat0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5119-3623Roza Azizah Primatika1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-5947Yatri Drastini2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8596-3970Veterinary Science Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Animal, Fish and Plant Quarantine Center, Indonesian Quarantine Authority, South Papua, Indonesia.Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically devastating infectious disease in cattle. Rembang Regency, located in Central Java, Indonesia, has suffered over 3800 cases of LSD and 75 deaths since early 2023. This region holds the 4th number of most populous beef cattle producers in Central Java. However, until now, there have been no reports on the prevalence and risk factors related to LSD in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LSD and identify associated risk factors in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The sample size was 458 cattle, which were determined using the formula (n = 4PQ/L2) and two-stage random sampling technique, were examined physically through LSD typical clinical signs, namely distinguishing firm, circumscribed, few (mild forms) to multiple (severe forms) skin nodules. Structured questionnaires and interviews with farm owners were used to identify risk factors. The data related to the LSD were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis with Chi-square and odd ratios, and multivariate logistic regression to retrieve the logit model. All data were compiled in Microsoft® Excel, while analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The prevalence of LSD in Rembang Regency was 28.2%. There were 11 significant risk factors associated with LSD. The multivariate analysis indicated that risk factors significantly contributing to LSD were knowledge of LSD transmission (p = 0.035, Odds ratios [OR] = 2.933), waste management (p = 0.014, OR = 4.015), rainy season (p = 0.019, OR = 2.944), and proximity between farms (p = 0.003, OR = 4.506). The logistic regression model analysis was as follows: LSD (Y) = −6.719 + 1.041 (knowledge of LSD transmission) + 1.390 (waste management) + 1.080 (rainy season) + 1.505 (proximity between farms). Conclusion: This study revealed a significant prevalence of LSD in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, with 28.2% of cattle affected. Key risk factors contributing to LSD outbreaks were insufficient knowledge of transmission, inadequate waste management, seasonal rainfall, and close proximity between farms. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, including educational programs for farm owners, improved waste management practices, and strategies to mitigate seasonal and spatial risks to control LSD in the region effectively.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/January-2025/9.pdflumpy skin diseaseprevalencerisk factors |
| spellingShingle | Yayan Taufiq Hidayat Roza Azizah Primatika Yatri Drastini Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia Veterinary World lumpy skin disease prevalence risk factors |
| title | Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia |
| title_full | Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia |
| title_short | Prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia |
| title_sort | prevalence of lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in beef cattle in rembang regency central java indonesia |
| topic | lumpy skin disease prevalence risk factors |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/January-2025/9.pdf |
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