Radial polarization imaging of entangled biphoton state

Polarization entanglement of single photons is a key element to enable quantum 2.0 applications, such as quantum computing, quantum networks, and quantum sensing. Verification and fidelity assessment of the entanglement state are typically performed by sequential coincidence measurements with single...

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Main Authors: Jiung Kim, Jeeseong Hwang, Martin Y. Sohn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-06-01
Series:APL Photonics
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0260101
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author Jiung Kim
Jeeseong Hwang
Martin Y. Sohn
author_facet Jiung Kim
Jeeseong Hwang
Martin Y. Sohn
author_sort Jiung Kim
collection DOAJ
description Polarization entanglement of single photons is a key element to enable quantum 2.0 applications, such as quantum computing, quantum networks, and quantum sensing. Verification and fidelity assessment of the entanglement state are typically performed by sequential coincidence measurements with single-pixel photon detectors. Quantum imaging techniques that use single-photon imaging cameras for visualizing an entangled biphoton state and calculating Bell’s inequality have been reported. Their performances are limited for practical use due to low photon flux and low speed. Here, we introduce a new approach to image polarization-entangled biphoton states using radial polarizations, which enables rapid high-performance entanglement measurement. An intensified single-photon counting camera (SPCC) captures a single image with multiple polarizations imposed by a radial wave plate, which converts a linear polarization of single photons to radial polarizations. The coincidence photon image is rapidly taken with the SPCC in the integrate-on-chip mode, which is triggered by the idler photons set at a specific polarization angle. Bell’s inequality is calculated directly from four coincidence images that show polarization correlation. Our technique not only visualizes the entangled polarization state but also enables fast full Bell-type evaluation of photonic polarization entanglement. We envision that our approach may be instrumental for developing advanced polarization-entangled photon sources and polarization-entangled quantum systems, which in turn would advance fundamental research involving dynamic photon–matter interactions.
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spelling doaj-art-2a2a7269e3004250b7354840c4f078dc2025-08-20T03:28:52ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Photonics2378-09672025-06-01106066111066111-810.1063/5.0260101Radial polarization imaging of entangled biphoton stateJiung Kim0Jeeseong Hwang1Martin Y. Sohn2Nanoscale Devices Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USAApplied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USANanoscale Devices Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USAPolarization entanglement of single photons is a key element to enable quantum 2.0 applications, such as quantum computing, quantum networks, and quantum sensing. Verification and fidelity assessment of the entanglement state are typically performed by sequential coincidence measurements with single-pixel photon detectors. Quantum imaging techniques that use single-photon imaging cameras for visualizing an entangled biphoton state and calculating Bell’s inequality have been reported. Their performances are limited for practical use due to low photon flux and low speed. Here, we introduce a new approach to image polarization-entangled biphoton states using radial polarizations, which enables rapid high-performance entanglement measurement. An intensified single-photon counting camera (SPCC) captures a single image with multiple polarizations imposed by a radial wave plate, which converts a linear polarization of single photons to radial polarizations. The coincidence photon image is rapidly taken with the SPCC in the integrate-on-chip mode, which is triggered by the idler photons set at a specific polarization angle. Bell’s inequality is calculated directly from four coincidence images that show polarization correlation. Our technique not only visualizes the entangled polarization state but also enables fast full Bell-type evaluation of photonic polarization entanglement. We envision that our approach may be instrumental for developing advanced polarization-entangled photon sources and polarization-entangled quantum systems, which in turn would advance fundamental research involving dynamic photon–matter interactions.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0260101
spellingShingle Jiung Kim
Jeeseong Hwang
Martin Y. Sohn
Radial polarization imaging of entangled biphoton state
APL Photonics
title Radial polarization imaging of entangled biphoton state
title_full Radial polarization imaging of entangled biphoton state
title_fullStr Radial polarization imaging of entangled biphoton state
title_full_unstemmed Radial polarization imaging of entangled biphoton state
title_short Radial polarization imaging of entangled biphoton state
title_sort radial polarization imaging of entangled biphoton state
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0260101
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