Nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether the subjective global assessment (SGA) could effectively predict energy malnutrition, as assessed by indirect calorimetry, and mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Energy malnutrition was defined by a nonprotein respiratory quotient (npRQ) ...

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Main Authors: Takao Miwa, Tatsunori Hanai, Kayoko Nishimura, Sachiyo Hirata, Shinji Unome, Yuki Nakahata, Kenji Imai, Atsushi Suetsugu, Koji Takai, Masahito Shimizu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89803-6
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author Takao Miwa
Tatsunori Hanai
Kayoko Nishimura
Sachiyo Hirata
Shinji Unome
Yuki Nakahata
Kenji Imai
Atsushi Suetsugu
Koji Takai
Masahito Shimizu
author_facet Takao Miwa
Tatsunori Hanai
Kayoko Nishimura
Sachiyo Hirata
Shinji Unome
Yuki Nakahata
Kenji Imai
Atsushi Suetsugu
Koji Takai
Masahito Shimizu
author_sort Takao Miwa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether the subjective global assessment (SGA) could effectively predict energy malnutrition, as assessed by indirect calorimetry, and mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Energy malnutrition was defined by a nonprotein respiratory quotient (npRQ) < 0.85 using an indirect calorimetry. The usefulness of the SGA in identifying energy malnutrition and predicting mortality was assessed by the logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. Out of the 230 patients analyzed, 43% were found to have energy malnutrition. The distribution of SGA classifications was 54% for SGA-A, 32% for SGA-B, and 14% for SGA-C. Multivariable analysis indicated that both SGA-B (odds ratio, 3.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–8.10) and SGA-C (odds ratio, 19.70; 95% CI, 3.46–112.00), along with free fatty acids (FFA), were independently linked to energy malnutrition. Regarding mortality, 125 patients (54%) died over a median follow-up period of 2.8 years. After adjustment, SGA-B (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.08–3.03) and SGA-C (hazard ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.28–8.76) were predictors of mortality in cirrhosis patients, while energy malnutrition and FFA were not. The SGA is a valuable tool for identifying energy malnutrition and predicting mortality in patients with cirrhosis.
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spelling doaj-art-2a1a2125d4be454fb16e3d104e49322e2025-02-09T12:36:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-011511810.1038/s41598-025-89803-6Nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosisTakao Miwa0Tatsunori Hanai1Kayoko Nishimura2Sachiyo Hirata3Shinji Unome4Yuki Nakahata5Kenji Imai6Atsushi Suetsugu7Koji Takai8Masahito Shimizu9Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityCenter for Nutrition Support & Infection Control, Gifu University HospitalCenter for Nutrition Support & Infection Control, Gifu University HospitalDepartment of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityAbstract This study aimed to evaluate whether the subjective global assessment (SGA) could effectively predict energy malnutrition, as assessed by indirect calorimetry, and mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Energy malnutrition was defined by a nonprotein respiratory quotient (npRQ) < 0.85 using an indirect calorimetry. The usefulness of the SGA in identifying energy malnutrition and predicting mortality was assessed by the logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. Out of the 230 patients analyzed, 43% were found to have energy malnutrition. The distribution of SGA classifications was 54% for SGA-A, 32% for SGA-B, and 14% for SGA-C. Multivariable analysis indicated that both SGA-B (odds ratio, 3.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–8.10) and SGA-C (odds ratio, 19.70; 95% CI, 3.46–112.00), along with free fatty acids (FFA), were independently linked to energy malnutrition. Regarding mortality, 125 patients (54%) died over a median follow-up period of 2.8 years. After adjustment, SGA-B (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.08–3.03) and SGA-C (hazard ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.28–8.76) were predictors of mortality in cirrhosis patients, while energy malnutrition and FFA were not. The SGA is a valuable tool for identifying energy malnutrition and predicting mortality in patients with cirrhosis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89803-6Chronic liver diseaseLiver cirrhosisNutritionSarcopeniaSurvivalMalnutrition
spellingShingle Takao Miwa
Tatsunori Hanai
Kayoko Nishimura
Sachiyo Hirata
Shinji Unome
Yuki Nakahata
Kenji Imai
Atsushi Suetsugu
Koji Takai
Masahito Shimizu
Nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
Scientific Reports
Chronic liver disease
Liver cirrhosis
Nutrition
Sarcopenia
Survival
Malnutrition
title Nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
title_full Nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
title_fullStr Nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
title_full_unstemmed Nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
title_short Nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
title_sort nutritional assessment using subjective global assessment identifies energy malnutrition and predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
topic Chronic liver disease
Liver cirrhosis
Nutrition
Sarcopenia
Survival
Malnutrition
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89803-6
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