In vitro evaluation of biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in orthodontic aligners
ABSTRACT Introduction: Aligners have been used by the orthodontic community for approximately 20 years, but little research has been carried out on the accumulation of biofilm on the surface of these aligners, as well as their possible impact on the oral ecosystem. Methods: Ten hemi-arches of Invi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dental Press Editora
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-94512025000200306&lng=en&tlng=en |
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| author | Carolina Veronez Garbúggio SANCHES Raquel Sano Suga TERADA Adilson Luiz RAMOS Janaina de Cássia Orlandi SARDI Maria Gabriely Malveiro ESTEVES Maria Cristina Bronharo TOGNIM Sheila Alexandra Belini NISHIYAMA |
| author_facet | Carolina Veronez Garbúggio SANCHES Raquel Sano Suga TERADA Adilson Luiz RAMOS Janaina de Cássia Orlandi SARDI Maria Gabriely Malveiro ESTEVES Maria Cristina Bronharo TOGNIM Sheila Alexandra Belini NISHIYAMA |
| author_sort | Carolina Veronez Garbúggio SANCHES |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Introduction: Aligners have been used by the orthodontic community for approximately 20 years, but little research has been carried out on the accumulation of biofilm on the surface of these aligners, as well as their possible impact on the oral ecosystem. Methods: Ten hemi-arches of Invisalign® brand orthodontic aligners were used. The hemi-arches were placed inside sterile flasks containing 25 mL of Gibbons and Nygaard broth, with standardized suspensions of the two microorganisms on the 0.5 MacFarland scale and incubated in aerophily (C. albicans) and microaerophily (S. mutans and mixed biofilm) at 37°C for 72h. The biofilm formed was removed by the multiple rinses method to quantify the microorganisms in the biofilms in CFU/mL. A qualitative analysis with scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe the structure of the formed biofilms. Results: It was observed the accumulation of a monospecies biofilm (S. mutans - 2.55 x 106 and C. albicans - 1.62 x 107) and mixed biofilm (S. mutans - 2.21 x 105 and C. albicans - 1.06 x 107) very robust on the surface of orthodontic aligners. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, one can conclude that Invisalign® brand orthodontic aligners are susceptible to the accumulation of monospecies and mixed biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the possibility of Invisalign® users developing carious lesions associated with the biofilm formed by these two microbial species, and to guide the patient on the correct cleaning of the device during treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-29fc2d7e0d2e4655a5840c808411362a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2177-6709 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Dental Press Editora |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics |
| spelling | doaj-art-29fc2d7e0d2e4655a5840c808411362a2025-08-20T02:05:20ZengDental Press EditoraDental Press Journal of Orthodontics2177-67092025-05-0130210.1590/2177-6709.30.2.e2524192.oarIn vitro evaluation of biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in orthodontic alignersCarolina Veronez Garbúggio SANCHEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4972-5374Raquel Sano Suga TERADAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-9870Adilson Luiz RAMOShttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2505-4251Janaina de Cássia Orlandi SARDIhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-2691Maria Gabriely Malveiro ESTEVEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3752-9795Maria Cristina Bronharo TOGNIMhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3887-362XSheila Alexandra Belini NISHIYAMAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7599-2935ABSTRACT Introduction: Aligners have been used by the orthodontic community for approximately 20 years, but little research has been carried out on the accumulation of biofilm on the surface of these aligners, as well as their possible impact on the oral ecosystem. Methods: Ten hemi-arches of Invisalign® brand orthodontic aligners were used. The hemi-arches were placed inside sterile flasks containing 25 mL of Gibbons and Nygaard broth, with standardized suspensions of the two microorganisms on the 0.5 MacFarland scale and incubated in aerophily (C. albicans) and microaerophily (S. mutans and mixed biofilm) at 37°C for 72h. The biofilm formed was removed by the multiple rinses method to quantify the microorganisms in the biofilms in CFU/mL. A qualitative analysis with scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe the structure of the formed biofilms. Results: It was observed the accumulation of a monospecies biofilm (S. mutans - 2.55 x 106 and C. albicans - 1.62 x 107) and mixed biofilm (S. mutans - 2.21 x 105 and C. albicans - 1.06 x 107) very robust on the surface of orthodontic aligners. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, one can conclude that Invisalign® brand orthodontic aligners are susceptible to the accumulation of monospecies and mixed biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the possibility of Invisalign® users developing carious lesions associated with the biofilm formed by these two microbial species, and to guide the patient on the correct cleaning of the device during treatment.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-94512025000200306&lng=en&tlng=enRemovable orthodontic appliancesBiofilmsStreptococcus mutansCandida albicans |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Veronez Garbúggio SANCHES Raquel Sano Suga TERADA Adilson Luiz RAMOS Janaina de Cássia Orlandi SARDI Maria Gabriely Malveiro ESTEVES Maria Cristina Bronharo TOGNIM Sheila Alexandra Belini NISHIYAMA In vitro evaluation of biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in orthodontic aligners Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics Removable orthodontic appliances Biofilms Streptococcus mutans Candida albicans |
| title | In vitro evaluation of biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in orthodontic aligners |
| title_full | In vitro evaluation of biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in orthodontic aligners |
| title_fullStr | In vitro evaluation of biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in orthodontic aligners |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro evaluation of biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in orthodontic aligners |
| title_short | In vitro evaluation of biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in orthodontic aligners |
| title_sort | in vitro evaluation of biofilm formation by streptococcus mutans and candida albicans in orthodontic aligners |
| topic | Removable orthodontic appliances Biofilms Streptococcus mutans Candida albicans |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-94512025000200306&lng=en&tlng=en |
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