Characterization of steel slag by SEM-EDS, XRD, and INAA
Steel slag is considered a by-product of the steel industry and its reuse is a strategy for environmental protection, since it consists of potential polluting materials. Its main applications involve the use of large quantities of the raw material, but the extraction of ores in smaller proportions c...
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Brazilian Radiation Protection Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Proteção Radiológica, SBPR)
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://bjrs.org.br/revista/index.php/REVISTA/article/view/1491 |
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| author | Diogo Teixeira Moreira Maria Ângela de Barros Correia Menezes Adriana de Souza Medeiros Batista |
| author_facet | Diogo Teixeira Moreira Maria Ângela de Barros Correia Menezes Adriana de Souza Medeiros Batista |
| author_sort | Diogo Teixeira Moreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Steel slag is considered a by-product of the steel industry and its reuse is a strategy for environmental protection, since it consists of potential polluting materials. Its main applications involve the use of large quantities of the raw material, but the extraction of ores in smaller proportions can be attractive. For example, magnetite (Fe3O4) may be of great interest for its magnetic properties in the production of composites with different applications. On the other hand, rare earth elements (REE) production is vital for new technologies and since traces of the different REE are found in most iron ores, their extraction can be conducted together. However, previous characterization of the slag is necessary; since they vary in mineralogical composition conform to steelmaking operations. Classical characterization techniques of ores such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) may be limited to characterize small fractions of materials. Therefore, in this study, neutron activation analysis was used as the characterization technique to confirm the presence of iron and REE in the slag. The steel slag composite sample of the Linz-Donawitz (LD) process was collected in a steelwork localized in the Iron Quadrangle, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The steel slag sample was characterized by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), using the nuclear research reactor TRIGA MARK I IPR-R1. The results are compared with the characterizations made with XRD and SEM-EDS. Although XRD and EDS results indicated the presence of magnetite in a small proportion, INAA was decisive confirming the presence of REE in the mineralogical composition of the composite sample collected. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-29fa242a83594f8b9c508481d7c1366a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2319-0612 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Brazilian Radiation Protection Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Proteção Radiológica, SBPR) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-29fa242a83594f8b9c508481d7c1366a2025-08-20T02:39:15ZengBrazilian Radiation Protection Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Proteção Radiológica, SBPR)Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences2319-06122021-04-0191A10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.14911155Characterization of steel slag by SEM-EDS, XRD, and INAADiogo Teixeira Moreira0Maria Ângela de Barros Correia Menezes1Adriana de Souza Medeiros Batista2Departamento de Engenharia Nuclear, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN) - Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN).Departamento de Anatomia e Imagem, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.Steel slag is considered a by-product of the steel industry and its reuse is a strategy for environmental protection, since it consists of potential polluting materials. Its main applications involve the use of large quantities of the raw material, but the extraction of ores in smaller proportions can be attractive. For example, magnetite (Fe3O4) may be of great interest for its magnetic properties in the production of composites with different applications. On the other hand, rare earth elements (REE) production is vital for new technologies and since traces of the different REE are found in most iron ores, their extraction can be conducted together. However, previous characterization of the slag is necessary; since they vary in mineralogical composition conform to steelmaking operations. Classical characterization techniques of ores such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) may be limited to characterize small fractions of materials. Therefore, in this study, neutron activation analysis was used as the characterization technique to confirm the presence of iron and REE in the slag. The steel slag composite sample of the Linz-Donawitz (LD) process was collected in a steelwork localized in the Iron Quadrangle, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The steel slag sample was characterized by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), using the nuclear research reactor TRIGA MARK I IPR-R1. The results are compared with the characterizations made with XRD and SEM-EDS. Although XRD and EDS results indicated the presence of magnetite in a small proportion, INAA was decisive confirming the presence of REE in the mineralogical composition of the composite sample collected.https://bjrs.org.br/revista/index.php/REVISTA/article/view/1491reefe3o4inaa. |
| spellingShingle | Diogo Teixeira Moreira Maria Ângela de Barros Correia Menezes Adriana de Souza Medeiros Batista Characterization of steel slag by SEM-EDS, XRD, and INAA Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences ree fe3o4 inaa. |
| title | Characterization of steel slag by SEM-EDS, XRD, and INAA |
| title_full | Characterization of steel slag by SEM-EDS, XRD, and INAA |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of steel slag by SEM-EDS, XRD, and INAA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of steel slag by SEM-EDS, XRD, and INAA |
| title_short | Characterization of steel slag by SEM-EDS, XRD, and INAA |
| title_sort | characterization of steel slag by sem eds xrd and inaa |
| topic | ree fe3o4 inaa. |
| url | https://bjrs.org.br/revista/index.php/REVISTA/article/view/1491 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT diogoteixeiramoreira characterizationofsteelslagbysemedsxrdandinaa AT mariaangeladebarroscorreiamenezes characterizationofsteelslagbysemedsxrdandinaa AT adrianadesouzamedeirosbatista characterizationofsteelslagbysemedsxrdandinaa |