Quantifying the Differences in Southern Ocean Clouds Observed by Radar and Lidar From Three Platforms

Abstract A synergistic analysis of the radar‐only and combined radar‐lidar observations across the three platforms was conducted. To align with well‐calibrated CloudSat cloud profiling radar (CPR) (and HCR) reflectivity measurements, a constant 4.5 dB offset was applied to all M‐WACR reflectivitives...

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Main Authors: Xiquan Dong, Anik Das, Baike Xi, Xiaojian Zheng, Ali Behrangi, Alexa R. Marcovecchio, Dylan J. Girone
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112079
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author Xiquan Dong
Anik Das
Baike Xi
Xiaojian Zheng
Ali Behrangi
Alexa R. Marcovecchio
Dylan J. Girone
author_facet Xiquan Dong
Anik Das
Baike Xi
Xiaojian Zheng
Ali Behrangi
Alexa R. Marcovecchio
Dylan J. Girone
author_sort Xiquan Dong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A synergistic analysis of the radar‐only and combined radar‐lidar observations across the three platforms was conducted. To align with well‐calibrated CloudSat cloud profiling radar (CPR) (and HCR) reflectivity measurements, a constant 4.5 dB offset was applied to all M‐WACR reflectivitives during the MARCUS. This brings M‐WACR data into better agreement with both HCR and CPR reflectivity measurements and facilitates a more reliable cloud fraction (CF) comparison. The total CFs (CFTs) derived from the three radars show excellent agreement. All three radars detect large drizzle drops, but M‐WACR and HCR excel at detecting smaller cloud droplets that are often missed by CPR. The underestimated CFs by CPR are due to increased attenuation of CPR measurements below 3 km, and the combined effects of attenuation and surface clutter below 1 km. Combining radar and lidar observations enhanced cloud detection by 20%–60%. The results from this study provide new insights for designing future cloud radar systems.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-29efd1e3cd834bbc9531ad4747b46c8b2025-08-20T03:12:53ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-05-01529n/an/a10.1029/2024GL112079Quantifying the Differences in Southern Ocean Clouds Observed by Radar and Lidar From Three PlatformsXiquan Dong0Anik Das1Baike Xi2Xiaojian Zheng3Ali Behrangi4Alexa R. Marcovecchio5Dylan J. Girone6Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USADepartment of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USADepartment of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USADepartment of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USADepartment of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USADepartment of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USADepartment of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USAAbstract A synergistic analysis of the radar‐only and combined radar‐lidar observations across the three platforms was conducted. To align with well‐calibrated CloudSat cloud profiling radar (CPR) (and HCR) reflectivity measurements, a constant 4.5 dB offset was applied to all M‐WACR reflectivitives during the MARCUS. This brings M‐WACR data into better agreement with both HCR and CPR reflectivity measurements and facilitates a more reliable cloud fraction (CF) comparison. The total CFs (CFTs) derived from the three radars show excellent agreement. All three radars detect large drizzle drops, but M‐WACR and HCR excel at detecting smaller cloud droplets that are often missed by CPR. The underestimated CFs by CPR are due to increased attenuation of CPR measurements below 3 km, and the combined effects of attenuation and surface clutter below 1 km. Combining radar and lidar observations enhanced cloud detection by 20%–60%. The results from this study provide new insights for designing future cloud radar systems.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112079cloud microphysicsSouthern Oceanradar lidarCloudSat CALIPSOSOCRATESMARCUS
spellingShingle Xiquan Dong
Anik Das
Baike Xi
Xiaojian Zheng
Ali Behrangi
Alexa R. Marcovecchio
Dylan J. Girone
Quantifying the Differences in Southern Ocean Clouds Observed by Radar and Lidar From Three Platforms
Geophysical Research Letters
cloud microphysics
Southern Ocean
radar lidar
CloudSat CALIPSO
SOCRATES
MARCUS
title Quantifying the Differences in Southern Ocean Clouds Observed by Radar and Lidar From Three Platforms
title_full Quantifying the Differences in Southern Ocean Clouds Observed by Radar and Lidar From Three Platforms
title_fullStr Quantifying the Differences in Southern Ocean Clouds Observed by Radar and Lidar From Three Platforms
title_full_unstemmed Quantifying the Differences in Southern Ocean Clouds Observed by Radar and Lidar From Three Platforms
title_short Quantifying the Differences in Southern Ocean Clouds Observed by Radar and Lidar From Three Platforms
title_sort quantifying the differences in southern ocean clouds observed by radar and lidar from three platforms
topic cloud microphysics
Southern Ocean
radar lidar
CloudSat CALIPSO
SOCRATES
MARCUS
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112079
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