Superspreaders have lower gut microbial alpha-diversity and distinct gut microbial composition in a natural rodent population

Abstract The microbiome is well known to drive variation in host states (e.g. behaviour, immunity) that would be expected to modulate the spread of infectious disease—but the role of microbiotal interactions in promoting superspreading is poorly understood. Superspreaders are individuals with a stro...

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Main Authors: Klara M. Wanelik, Mike Begon, Janette E. Bradley, Jonathan Fenn, Joseph A. Jackson, Steve Paterson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Animal Microbiome
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-025-00411-1
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author Klara M. Wanelik
Mike Begon
Janette E. Bradley
Jonathan Fenn
Joseph A. Jackson
Steve Paterson
author_facet Klara M. Wanelik
Mike Begon
Janette E. Bradley
Jonathan Fenn
Joseph A. Jackson
Steve Paterson
author_sort Klara M. Wanelik
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The microbiome is well known to drive variation in host states (e.g. behaviour, immunity) that would be expected to modulate the spread of infectious disease—but the role of microbiotal interactions in promoting superspreading is poorly understood. Superspreaders are individuals with a strongly disproportionate contribution to pathogen transmission, and come in two forms. Supershedders transmit infection to more individuals because they shed higher levels of pathogen. Supercontacters transmit infection to more individuals because they have larger numbers of social contacts. We explore associations between the gut microbiota and these two forms of superspreading in a wild rodent model—Bartonella spp. bacteraemia in the field vole (Microtus agrestis). We find evidence that individuals fall into distinct shedding and contacting clusters, and that higher-contacters have lower and more variable gut microbial alpha-diversity than lower-contacters. We also show evidence that both higher-shedders and higher-contacters have distinct gut microbial composition and identify OTUs that are differentially abundant in the gut microbiota of these two classes of individuals when compared to lower-shedders and lower-contacters respectively. We find that the Muribaculaceae are associated with differences in both shedding and contacting, and discuss potential mechanisms by which they may be acting on these host traits.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2524-4671
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher BMC
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series Animal Microbiome
spelling doaj-art-29dac5373ad74c8298015e40321630ff2025-08-20T03:53:14ZengBMCAnimal Microbiome2524-46712025-05-01711810.1186/s42523-025-00411-1Superspreaders have lower gut microbial alpha-diversity and distinct gut microbial composition in a natural rodent populationKlara M. Wanelik0Mike Begon1Janette E. Bradley2Jonathan Fenn3Joseph A. Jackson4Steve Paterson5Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of LiverpoolInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of LiverpoolSchool of Life Sciences, University of NottinghamSchool of Life Sciences, University of NottinghamSchool of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of SalfordInstitute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of LiverpoolAbstract The microbiome is well known to drive variation in host states (e.g. behaviour, immunity) that would be expected to modulate the spread of infectious disease—but the role of microbiotal interactions in promoting superspreading is poorly understood. Superspreaders are individuals with a strongly disproportionate contribution to pathogen transmission, and come in two forms. Supershedders transmit infection to more individuals because they shed higher levels of pathogen. Supercontacters transmit infection to more individuals because they have larger numbers of social contacts. We explore associations between the gut microbiota and these two forms of superspreading in a wild rodent model—Bartonella spp. bacteraemia in the field vole (Microtus agrestis). We find evidence that individuals fall into distinct shedding and contacting clusters, and that higher-contacters have lower and more variable gut microbial alpha-diversity than lower-contacters. We also show evidence that both higher-shedders and higher-contacters have distinct gut microbial composition and identify OTUs that are differentially abundant in the gut microbiota of these two classes of individuals when compared to lower-shedders and lower-contacters respectively. We find that the Muribaculaceae are associated with differences in both shedding and contacting, and discuss potential mechanisms by which they may be acting on these host traits.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-025-00411-1
spellingShingle Klara M. Wanelik
Mike Begon
Janette E. Bradley
Jonathan Fenn
Joseph A. Jackson
Steve Paterson
Superspreaders have lower gut microbial alpha-diversity and distinct gut microbial composition in a natural rodent population
Animal Microbiome
title Superspreaders have lower gut microbial alpha-diversity and distinct gut microbial composition in a natural rodent population
title_full Superspreaders have lower gut microbial alpha-diversity and distinct gut microbial composition in a natural rodent population
title_fullStr Superspreaders have lower gut microbial alpha-diversity and distinct gut microbial composition in a natural rodent population
title_full_unstemmed Superspreaders have lower gut microbial alpha-diversity and distinct gut microbial composition in a natural rodent population
title_short Superspreaders have lower gut microbial alpha-diversity and distinct gut microbial composition in a natural rodent population
title_sort superspreaders have lower gut microbial alpha diversity and distinct gut microbial composition in a natural rodent population
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-025-00411-1
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