Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattle
Summary Comprehensive characterization of bovine immune cell populations is essential for improving animal welfare and disease resilience. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on over 29,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Angus cattle stratified by delayed-type hypersensitivity (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11915-0 |
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| author | Annaleise Wilson Pâmela A. Alexandre Aaron M. Brice Brad C. Hine Aaron Ingham Thibault P. R. A. Legrand Caroline Royle Dominic Niemeyer Antonio Reverter Stuart E. Denman Ryan J. Farr |
| author_facet | Annaleise Wilson Pâmela A. Alexandre Aaron M. Brice Brad C. Hine Aaron Ingham Thibault P. R. A. Legrand Caroline Royle Dominic Niemeyer Antonio Reverter Stuart E. Denman Ryan J. Farr |
| author_sort | Annaleise Wilson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary Comprehensive characterization of bovine immune cell populations is essential for improving animal welfare and disease resilience. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on over 29,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Angus cattle stratified by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), a proxy for the cellular immune response (Cell-IR). Unsupervised clustering identified major immune populations including CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, γδ T cells, B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Differential gene expression suggests that low Cell-IR cattle have in elevated NKT inflammatory response, while high Cell-IR cattle have increased CD8- γδ T cell and pro-inflammatory myeloid activity. Intercellular communication analysis using CellChat highlighted pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades, particularly the IL-1β– IL-1R1 ligand-receptor interactions. This study provides a high-resolution atlas of Angus PBMCs and establishes a framework for linking immune cell composition with functional immune phenotypes in cattle. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-29c43e45c2644e6a93ab5dd042a0739a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Genomics |
| spelling | doaj-art-29c43e45c2644e6a93ab5dd042a0739a2025-08-24T11:09:32ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-08-0126111810.1186/s12864-025-11915-0Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattleAnnaleise Wilson0Pâmela A. Alexandre1Aaron M. Brice2Brad C. Hine3Aaron Ingham4Thibault P. R. A. Legrand5Caroline Royle6Dominic Niemeyer7Antonio Reverter8Stuart E. Denman9Ryan J. Farr10CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease PreparednessCSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Biosciences PrecinctCSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease PreparednessCSIRO Agriculture & Food, FD McMaster LaboratoryCSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Biosciences PrecinctCSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Biosciences PrecinctCSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Australian Centre for Disease PreparednessCSIRO Agriculture & Food, FD McMaster LaboratoryCSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Biosciences PrecinctCSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Biosciences PrecinctCSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease PreparednessSummary Comprehensive characterization of bovine immune cell populations is essential for improving animal welfare and disease resilience. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on over 29,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Angus cattle stratified by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), a proxy for the cellular immune response (Cell-IR). Unsupervised clustering identified major immune populations including CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, γδ T cells, B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Differential gene expression suggests that low Cell-IR cattle have in elevated NKT inflammatory response, while high Cell-IR cattle have increased CD8- γδ T cell and pro-inflammatory myeloid activity. Intercellular communication analysis using CellChat highlighted pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades, particularly the IL-1β– IL-1R1 ligand-receptor interactions. This study provides a high-resolution atlas of Angus PBMCs and establishes a framework for linking immune cell composition with functional immune phenotypes in cattle.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11915-0Adaptive immunityBovine immunologyGamma-delta T cellsInnate immunitySingle cell sequencingTranscriptome |
| spellingShingle | Annaleise Wilson Pâmela A. Alexandre Aaron M. Brice Brad C. Hine Aaron Ingham Thibault P. R. A. Legrand Caroline Royle Dominic Niemeyer Antonio Reverter Stuart E. Denman Ryan J. Farr Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattle BMC Genomics Adaptive immunity Bovine immunology Gamma-delta T cells Innate immunity Single cell sequencing Transcriptome |
| title | Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattle |
| title_full | Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattle |
| title_fullStr | Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattle |
| title_short | Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattle |
| title_sort | single cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattle |
| topic | Adaptive immunity Bovine immunology Gamma-delta T cells Innate immunity Single cell sequencing Transcriptome |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11915-0 |
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