A novel Pd complex coated on TiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and recoverable catalyst for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles

Abstract This study presents the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles using commercially available precursors, including FeCl2·4H2O and C12H28O4Ti. The nanoparticles were coated with a silica layer and subsequently functionalized with 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES). To further enhance their pr...

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Main Authors: Abdulrahman A. Almehizia, Munthar Kadhim Abosaoda, Anjan Kumar, Vicky Jain, Suhas Ballal, Abhayveer Singh, Karthikeyan Jayabalan, Subhashree Ray, Pranchal Rajput, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95487-9
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Summary:Abstract This study presents the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles using commercially available precursors, including FeCl2·4H2O and C12H28O4Ti. The nanoparticles were coated with a silica layer and subsequently functionalized with 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES). To further enhance their properties, quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (QDA) was attached to the nanoparticles’ surface. A novel palladium (Pd) complex was then immobilized on the functionalized TiFe2O4 MNPs, resulting in a magnetically recoverable, highly efficient, and selective nanocatalyst. Comprehensive characterization of the nanocatalyst was carried out using techniques such as VSM, XRD, EDS, SEM, BET, TGA, XPS, TEM, FT-IR, and ICP. The results demonstrated that the TiFe2O4@n-Pr@QDA-Pd nanocatalyst exhibited excellent efficiency, notable selectivity, and impressive reusability in the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives via [3 + 2] cycloaddition between sodium azide (NaN3) and organic nitrile derivatives.
ISSN:2045-2322