ApHKT1 confers salinity tolerance in Apocynum by restraining the intake of Na+/K+in root tissues

Apocynum, exhibiting tolerance to severe salt stress, provides important materials for textile, medicine and biofuels. However, the underlying mechanism of Apocynum adapting to salt stresses remains poorly understood. In this study, physiological methods combined with bioinformatics tools were emplo...

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Main Authors: Haohan Zhao, Xiaoyu Huang, Yue Wang, Aiguo Zhu, Xiaofei Wang, Hanipa Hazaisi, Gang Gao, Li Jiang, Jikang Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Plant Stress
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25000417
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author Haohan Zhao
Xiaoyu Huang
Yue Wang
Aiguo Zhu
Xiaofei Wang
Hanipa Hazaisi
Gang Gao
Li Jiang
Jikang Chen
author_facet Haohan Zhao
Xiaoyu Huang
Yue Wang
Aiguo Zhu
Xiaofei Wang
Hanipa Hazaisi
Gang Gao
Li Jiang
Jikang Chen
author_sort Haohan Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Apocynum, exhibiting tolerance to severe salt stress, provides important materials for textile, medicine and biofuels. However, the underlying mechanism of Apocynum adapting to salt stresses remains poorly understood. In this study, physiological methods combined with bioinformatics tools were employed to insight the mechanism of Apocynum responding to salt stresses. Three representative species, A. hendersonii, A. venetum and tetraploid of A. venetum and NaCl treatments ranges from 50 mM to 400 mM were compared to reveal a comprehensive profile of the plants under salt stresses. As a crucial phenotypic characteristic for selecting plants that exhibit resilience to salinity and drought stress, the root-to-shoot ration of Apocynum was increased significantly while the growth of Apocynum was markedly inhibited as the degree of salt stress intensifying. The stomatal apertures on the leaf epidermis of Apocynum significantly narrowed in response to salt stress, and the chlorophyll content exhibited an overall declining trend. Salt stress notably elevated the Na+ and K+ content in the roots, stems, and leaves of Apocynum, with a significant decrease in the K+/Na+ ratio, while A. hendersonii showing the greatest change in this ratio. Phenotypic analysis indicated that A. hendersonii possessed the strongest salt tolerance among the species. ApHKT1, the highly conservative protein in the three species which primarily expressed in roots were hypothesized to adapt to salt stress by regulating the transportation of Na+ and K+. Although the content of Na+ and K+were increased in stem and leaf, there was no significant accumulation of Na+ and K+in root tissues. Expression pattern analysis found that ApHKT1 were significantly down-regulated under the rising salt stress in the root. These results suggested that Apocynum mainly take the strategy of reducing of ApHKT1 expression and the Na+/K+ intake to maintain the ion balance under salt stress.
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spelling doaj-art-29ba4c7ed13a4d6cb1dd75d135a528282025-08-20T02:55:53ZengElsevierPlant Stress2667-064X2025-03-011510077610.1016/j.stress.2025.100776ApHKT1 confers salinity tolerance in Apocynum by restraining the intake of Na+/K+in root tissuesHaohan Zhao0Xiaoyu Huang1Yue Wang2Aiguo Zhu3Xiaofei Wang4Hanipa Hazaisi5Gang Gao6Li Jiang7Jikang Chen8Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China; National Breeding Center for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, ChinaIli Agricultural Science Institute, Yining 835100, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China; National Breeding Center for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Corresponding authors.State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Corresponding authors.Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China; National Breeding Center for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, MARA, Changsha 410221, China; Corresponding authors.Apocynum, exhibiting tolerance to severe salt stress, provides important materials for textile, medicine and biofuels. However, the underlying mechanism of Apocynum adapting to salt stresses remains poorly understood. In this study, physiological methods combined with bioinformatics tools were employed to insight the mechanism of Apocynum responding to salt stresses. Three representative species, A. hendersonii, A. venetum and tetraploid of A. venetum and NaCl treatments ranges from 50 mM to 400 mM were compared to reveal a comprehensive profile of the plants under salt stresses. As a crucial phenotypic characteristic for selecting plants that exhibit resilience to salinity and drought stress, the root-to-shoot ration of Apocynum was increased significantly while the growth of Apocynum was markedly inhibited as the degree of salt stress intensifying. The stomatal apertures on the leaf epidermis of Apocynum significantly narrowed in response to salt stress, and the chlorophyll content exhibited an overall declining trend. Salt stress notably elevated the Na+ and K+ content in the roots, stems, and leaves of Apocynum, with a significant decrease in the K+/Na+ ratio, while A. hendersonii showing the greatest change in this ratio. Phenotypic analysis indicated that A. hendersonii possessed the strongest salt tolerance among the species. ApHKT1, the highly conservative protein in the three species which primarily expressed in roots were hypothesized to adapt to salt stress by regulating the transportation of Na+ and K+. Although the content of Na+ and K+were increased in stem and leaf, there was no significant accumulation of Na+ and K+in root tissues. Expression pattern analysis found that ApHKT1 were significantly down-regulated under the rising salt stress in the root. These results suggested that Apocynum mainly take the strategy of reducing of ApHKT1 expression and the Na+/K+ intake to maintain the ion balance under salt stress.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25000417ApocynumSalt stressApHKT1Na+/K+ homeostasisTolerance mechanism
spellingShingle Haohan Zhao
Xiaoyu Huang
Yue Wang
Aiguo Zhu
Xiaofei Wang
Hanipa Hazaisi
Gang Gao
Li Jiang
Jikang Chen
ApHKT1 confers salinity tolerance in Apocynum by restraining the intake of Na+/K+in root tissues
Plant Stress
Apocynum
Salt stress
ApHKT1
Na+/K+ homeostasis
Tolerance mechanism
title ApHKT1 confers salinity tolerance in Apocynum by restraining the intake of Na+/K+in root tissues
title_full ApHKT1 confers salinity tolerance in Apocynum by restraining the intake of Na+/K+in root tissues
title_fullStr ApHKT1 confers salinity tolerance in Apocynum by restraining the intake of Na+/K+in root tissues
title_full_unstemmed ApHKT1 confers salinity tolerance in Apocynum by restraining the intake of Na+/K+in root tissues
title_short ApHKT1 confers salinity tolerance in Apocynum by restraining the intake of Na+/K+in root tissues
title_sort aphkt1 confers salinity tolerance in apocynum by restraining the intake of na k in root tissues
topic Apocynum
Salt stress
ApHKT1
Na+/K+ homeostasis
Tolerance mechanism
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25000417
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