The random cascading origin of abrupt transitions in interdependent systems

Abstract Phase transitions are fundamental features of statistical physics. While the well-studied continuous phase transitions are known to be controlled by external global changes affecting the order parameter, the origin of abrupt transitions is not fully clear. Here we show that abrupt phase tra...

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Main Authors: Bnaya Gross, Irina Volotsenko, Yuval Sallem, Nahala Yadid, Ivan Bonamassa, Shlomo Havlin, Aviad Frydman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61127-z
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author Bnaya Gross
Irina Volotsenko
Yuval Sallem
Nahala Yadid
Ivan Bonamassa
Shlomo Havlin
Aviad Frydman
author_facet Bnaya Gross
Irina Volotsenko
Yuval Sallem
Nahala Yadid
Ivan Bonamassa
Shlomo Havlin
Aviad Frydman
author_sort Bnaya Gross
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Phase transitions are fundamental features of statistical physics. While the well-studied continuous phase transitions are known to be controlled by external global changes affecting the order parameter, the origin of abrupt transitions is not fully clear. Here we show that abrupt phase transitions may occur due to a unique internal random spatial cascading mechanism, arising from dependency interactions. We experimentally unveil the underlying mechanism of the abrupt transition in interdependent superconducting networks to be governed by a unique metastable state of a long-living resistance cascading plateau. This plateau is characterized by spontaneous cascading events that occur at random locations and last for thousands of seconds, followed by a sudden global phase shift of the system. The plateau time length changes with the system size and distance from criticality, obeying scaling laws with critical exponents. Furthermore, like epidemic spreading, these changes are characterized by a branching factor which equals exactly one at the critical point and deviates from one off criticality. Importantly, the branching factor provides an early warning for the closeness of critical catastrophic cascades yielding system collapse.
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spelling doaj-art-29ae1cc44d3d40aead8d99e372411b6d2025-08-20T03:37:38ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-011611910.1038/s41467-025-61127-zThe random cascading origin of abrupt transitions in interdependent systemsBnaya Gross0Irina Volotsenko1Yuval Sallem2Nahala Yadid3Ivan Bonamassa4Shlomo Havlin5Aviad Frydman6Network Science Institute, Northeastern UniversityDepartment of Physics, Bar-Ilan UniversityDepartment of Physics, Bar-Ilan UniversityDepartment of Physics, Bar-Ilan UniversityDepartment of Network and Data Science, CEUDepartment of Physics, Bar-Ilan UniversityDepartment of Physics, Bar-Ilan UniversityAbstract Phase transitions are fundamental features of statistical physics. While the well-studied continuous phase transitions are known to be controlled by external global changes affecting the order parameter, the origin of abrupt transitions is not fully clear. Here we show that abrupt phase transitions may occur due to a unique internal random spatial cascading mechanism, arising from dependency interactions. We experimentally unveil the underlying mechanism of the abrupt transition in interdependent superconducting networks to be governed by a unique metastable state of a long-living resistance cascading plateau. This plateau is characterized by spontaneous cascading events that occur at random locations and last for thousands of seconds, followed by a sudden global phase shift of the system. The plateau time length changes with the system size and distance from criticality, obeying scaling laws with critical exponents. Furthermore, like epidemic spreading, these changes are characterized by a branching factor which equals exactly one at the critical point and deviates from one off criticality. Importantly, the branching factor provides an early warning for the closeness of critical catastrophic cascades yielding system collapse.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61127-z
spellingShingle Bnaya Gross
Irina Volotsenko
Yuval Sallem
Nahala Yadid
Ivan Bonamassa
Shlomo Havlin
Aviad Frydman
The random cascading origin of abrupt transitions in interdependent systems
Nature Communications
title The random cascading origin of abrupt transitions in interdependent systems
title_full The random cascading origin of abrupt transitions in interdependent systems
title_fullStr The random cascading origin of abrupt transitions in interdependent systems
title_full_unstemmed The random cascading origin of abrupt transitions in interdependent systems
title_short The random cascading origin of abrupt transitions in interdependent systems
title_sort random cascading origin of abrupt transitions in interdependent systems
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61127-z
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