Optimizing Planar Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms for Enhanced Radar Performance in Direction of Arrival Estimation

This paper proposes the optimization of planar antenna arrays for DOA estimation enhancement in radar systems, where accuracy and computational efficiency need to be well balanced. This work describes a new methodology using GAs to obtain an optimal configuration of the antenna elements, allowing a...

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Main Authors: Methq Kadhum Alnoori, Malik Jasim Farhan, Enas F. Rawashdeh
Format: Article
Language:Arabic
Published: Mustansiriyah University/College of Engineering 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development
Subjects:
Online Access:https://jeasd.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/jeasd/article/view/3008
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author Methq Kadhum Alnoori
Malik Jasim Farhan
Enas F. Rawashdeh
author_facet Methq Kadhum Alnoori
Malik Jasim Farhan
Enas F. Rawashdeh
author_sort Methq Kadhum Alnoori
collection DOAJ
description This paper proposes the optimization of planar antenna arrays for DOA estimation enhancement in radar systems, where accuracy and computational efficiency need to be well balanced. This work describes a new methodology using GAs to obtain an optimal configuration of the antenna elements, allowing a considerable reduction in computational complexity. Using the ESPRIT algorithm for azimuth and elevation angle estimation, the proposed approach achieves an RMSE as low as 0.2 degrees under an SNR of 20 dB. For practical setups, an antenna size configuration of M = 8, N = 3 with 85 snapshots can achieve an optimal tradeoff, reducing the computational cost by 35% compared to conventional methods while maintaining high accuracy. These results substantiate the appropriateness of the methodology for low-power and low-resource embedded radar processors. They will be further enhanced by real-time capability using FPGAs and GPUs for hardware acceleration and improving overall system performance.
format Article
id doaj-art-29a83668d0334d1f92542ac73ccec8a3
institution DOAJ
issn 2520-0917
2520-0925
language Arabic
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Mustansiriyah University/College of Engineering
record_format Article
series Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development
spelling doaj-art-29a83668d0334d1f92542ac73ccec8a32025-08-20T03:15:10ZaraMustansiriyah University/College of EngineeringJournal of Engineering and Sustainable Development2520-09172520-09252025-07-0129410.31272/jeasd.3008Optimizing Planar Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms for Enhanced Radar Performance in Direction of Arrival EstimationMethq Kadhum Alnoori0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3096-3000Malik Jasim Farhan1Enas F. Rawashdeh2Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering. Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering. Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IraqManagement information system, Amman College, AlBalqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan This paper proposes the optimization of planar antenna arrays for DOA estimation enhancement in radar systems, where accuracy and computational efficiency need to be well balanced. This work describes a new methodology using GAs to obtain an optimal configuration of the antenna elements, allowing a considerable reduction in computational complexity. Using the ESPRIT algorithm for azimuth and elevation angle estimation, the proposed approach achieves an RMSE as low as 0.2 degrees under an SNR of 20 dB. For practical setups, an antenna size configuration of M = 8, N = 3 with 85 snapshots can achieve an optimal tradeoff, reducing the computational cost by 35% compared to conventional methods while maintaining high accuracy. These results substantiate the appropriateness of the methodology for low-power and low-resource embedded radar processors. They will be further enhanced by real-time capability using FPGAs and GPUs for hardware acceleration and improving overall system performance. https://jeasd.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/jeasd/article/view/3008AntennaDirection of arrivalGenetic algorithmPlanar array
spellingShingle Methq Kadhum Alnoori
Malik Jasim Farhan
Enas F. Rawashdeh
Optimizing Planar Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms for Enhanced Radar Performance in Direction of Arrival Estimation
Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development
Antenna
Direction of arrival
Genetic algorithm
Planar array
title Optimizing Planar Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms for Enhanced Radar Performance in Direction of Arrival Estimation
title_full Optimizing Planar Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms for Enhanced Radar Performance in Direction of Arrival Estimation
title_fullStr Optimizing Planar Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms for Enhanced Radar Performance in Direction of Arrival Estimation
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing Planar Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms for Enhanced Radar Performance in Direction of Arrival Estimation
title_short Optimizing Planar Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms for Enhanced Radar Performance in Direction of Arrival Estimation
title_sort optimizing planar antenna arrays using genetic algorithms for enhanced radar performance in direction of arrival estimation
topic Antenna
Direction of arrival
Genetic algorithm
Planar array
url https://jeasd.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/jeasd/article/view/3008
work_keys_str_mv AT methqkadhumalnoori optimizingplanarantennaarraysusinggeneticalgorithmsforenhancedradarperformanceindirectionofarrivalestimation
AT malikjasimfarhan optimizingplanarantennaarraysusinggeneticalgorithmsforenhancedradarperformanceindirectionofarrivalestimation
AT enasfrawashdeh optimizingplanarantennaarraysusinggeneticalgorithmsforenhancedradarperformanceindirectionofarrivalestimation