Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress

High evaporation rates due to solar intensity and low precipitation could represent a challenging culture environment in northwestern Mexico, generating osmotic stress in shrimp due to high salinity. Bacterial infections by pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> strains are highly virulent in shrimp c...

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Main Authors: Silvia Gomez-Jimenez, Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto, Julio C. Zamorano-Apodaca, Luis A. Gamez-Alejo, Cesar Muñoz-Bacasehua
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Aquaculture Journal
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9496/5/1/4
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author Silvia Gomez-Jimenez
Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto
Julio C. Zamorano-Apodaca
Luis A. Gamez-Alejo
Cesar Muñoz-Bacasehua
author_facet Silvia Gomez-Jimenez
Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto
Julio C. Zamorano-Apodaca
Luis A. Gamez-Alejo
Cesar Muñoz-Bacasehua
author_sort Silvia Gomez-Jimenez
collection DOAJ
description High evaporation rates due to solar intensity and low precipitation could represent a challenging culture environment in northwestern Mexico, generating osmotic stress in shrimp due to high salinity. Bacterial infections by pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> strains are highly virulent in shrimp culture. This study evaluated betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activity and glycine betaine (GB) levels in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> under high salinity levels plus experimental infection with virulent <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>. At 35 ppt (control group) and 40 ppt after infection, GB levels increased two-fold in the gills except at 45 ppt and were significantly higher at 50 ppt. The highest GB levels were in the hepatopancreas of the uninfected group at 45 ppt. In the gills, BADH activity decreased after 2 h of exposure at 40 and 45 ppt; at 50 ppt, there was a significant increase in the uninfected groups. However, upon infection, activity increased at all salinities except 50 ppt. In the hepatopancreas of the uninfected groups, the highest activity was at 40 ppt and this was lowest at 50 ppt after 8 h. In the muscles, BADH was detectable at all salinities; infection caused an increase in its activity at 45 and 50 ppt. Despite sudden exposure to high salinity plus experimental infection, our results show that Litopenaeus vannamei does not inhibit BADH activity, allowing GB synthesis, which may play a role in shrimp survival under these conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-29a1230fc24d48949705ec5fe04f6c352025-08-20T03:43:15ZengMDPI AGAquaculture Journal2673-94962025-02-0151410.3390/aquacj5010004Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic StressSilvia Gomez-Jimenez0Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto1Julio C. Zamorano-Apodaca2Luis A. Gamez-Alejo3Cesar Muñoz-Bacasehua4Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas Núm. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas Núm. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas Núm. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas Núm. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas Núm. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, MexicoHigh evaporation rates due to solar intensity and low precipitation could represent a challenging culture environment in northwestern Mexico, generating osmotic stress in shrimp due to high salinity. Bacterial infections by pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> strains are highly virulent in shrimp culture. This study evaluated betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activity and glycine betaine (GB) levels in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> under high salinity levels plus experimental infection with virulent <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>. At 35 ppt (control group) and 40 ppt after infection, GB levels increased two-fold in the gills except at 45 ppt and were significantly higher at 50 ppt. The highest GB levels were in the hepatopancreas of the uninfected group at 45 ppt. In the gills, BADH activity decreased after 2 h of exposure at 40 and 45 ppt; at 50 ppt, there was a significant increase in the uninfected groups. However, upon infection, activity increased at all salinities except 50 ppt. In the hepatopancreas of the uninfected groups, the highest activity was at 40 ppt and this was lowest at 50 ppt after 8 h. In the muscles, BADH was detectable at all salinities; infection caused an increase in its activity at 45 and 50 ppt. Despite sudden exposure to high salinity plus experimental infection, our results show that Litopenaeus vannamei does not inhibit BADH activity, allowing GB synthesis, which may play a role in shrimp survival under these conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9496/5/1/4glycine betainebetaine aldehyde dehydrogenase<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i><i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>salinity
spellingShingle Silvia Gomez-Jimenez
Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto
Julio C. Zamorano-Apodaca
Luis A. Gamez-Alejo
Cesar Muñoz-Bacasehua
Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress
Aquaculture Journal
glycine betaine
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>
<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>
salinity
title Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress
title_full Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress
title_fullStr Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress
title_full_unstemmed Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress
title_short Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress
title_sort glycine betaine levels and badh activity of juvenile shrimp i litopenaeus vannamei i in response to i vibrio i bacterial infection and sudden hyperosmotic stress
topic glycine betaine
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>
<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>
salinity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9496/5/1/4
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