Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress
High evaporation rates due to solar intensity and low precipitation could represent a challenging culture environment in northwestern Mexico, generating osmotic stress in shrimp due to high salinity. Bacterial infections by pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> strains are highly virulent in shrimp c...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Silvia Gomez-Jimenez Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto Julio C. Zamorano-Apodaca Luis A. Gamez-Alejo Cesar Muñoz-Bacasehua |
| author_facet | Silvia Gomez-Jimenez Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto Julio C. Zamorano-Apodaca Luis A. Gamez-Alejo Cesar Muñoz-Bacasehua |
| author_sort | Silvia Gomez-Jimenez |
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| description | High evaporation rates due to solar intensity and low precipitation could represent a challenging culture environment in northwestern Mexico, generating osmotic stress in shrimp due to high salinity. Bacterial infections by pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> strains are highly virulent in shrimp culture. This study evaluated betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activity and glycine betaine (GB) levels in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> under high salinity levels plus experimental infection with virulent <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>. At 35 ppt (control group) and 40 ppt after infection, GB levels increased two-fold in the gills except at 45 ppt and were significantly higher at 50 ppt. The highest GB levels were in the hepatopancreas of the uninfected group at 45 ppt. In the gills, BADH activity decreased after 2 h of exposure at 40 and 45 ppt; at 50 ppt, there was a significant increase in the uninfected groups. However, upon infection, activity increased at all salinities except 50 ppt. In the hepatopancreas of the uninfected groups, the highest activity was at 40 ppt and this was lowest at 50 ppt after 8 h. In the muscles, BADH was detectable at all salinities; infection caused an increase in its activity at 45 and 50 ppt. Despite sudden exposure to high salinity plus experimental infection, our results show that Litopenaeus vannamei does not inhibit BADH activity, allowing GB synthesis, which may play a role in shrimp survival under these conditions. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-29a1230fc24d48949705ec5fe04f6c352025-08-20T03:43:15ZengMDPI AGAquaculture Journal2673-94962025-02-0151410.3390/aquacj5010004Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic StressSilvia Gomez-Jimenez0Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto1Julio C. Zamorano-Apodaca2Luis A. Gamez-Alejo3Cesar Muñoz-Bacasehua4Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas Núm. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas Núm. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas Núm. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas Núm. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas Núm. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, MexicoHigh evaporation rates due to solar intensity and low precipitation could represent a challenging culture environment in northwestern Mexico, generating osmotic stress in shrimp due to high salinity. Bacterial infections by pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i> strains are highly virulent in shrimp culture. This study evaluated betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activity and glycine betaine (GB) levels in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> under high salinity levels plus experimental infection with virulent <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>. At 35 ppt (control group) and 40 ppt after infection, GB levels increased two-fold in the gills except at 45 ppt and were significantly higher at 50 ppt. The highest GB levels were in the hepatopancreas of the uninfected group at 45 ppt. In the gills, BADH activity decreased after 2 h of exposure at 40 and 45 ppt; at 50 ppt, there was a significant increase in the uninfected groups. However, upon infection, activity increased at all salinities except 50 ppt. In the hepatopancreas of the uninfected groups, the highest activity was at 40 ppt and this was lowest at 50 ppt after 8 h. In the muscles, BADH was detectable at all salinities; infection caused an increase in its activity at 45 and 50 ppt. Despite sudden exposure to high salinity plus experimental infection, our results show that Litopenaeus vannamei does not inhibit BADH activity, allowing GB synthesis, which may play a role in shrimp survival under these conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9496/5/1/4glycine betainebetaine aldehyde dehydrogenase<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i><i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>salinity |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Gomez-Jimenez Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto Julio C. Zamorano-Apodaca Luis A. Gamez-Alejo Cesar Muñoz-Bacasehua Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress Aquaculture Journal glycine betaine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> salinity |
| title | Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress |
| title_full | Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress |
| title_fullStr | Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress |
| title_short | Glycine Betaine Levels and BADH Activity of Juvenile Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in Response to <i>Vibrio</i> Bacterial Infection and Sudden Hyperosmotic Stress |
| title_sort | glycine betaine levels and badh activity of juvenile shrimp i litopenaeus vannamei i in response to i vibrio i bacterial infection and sudden hyperosmotic stress |
| topic | glycine betaine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> salinity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9496/5/1/4 |
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