Relationship between cognitive functions and serum neurotrophic factor levels in long-term hospitalized male patients with schizophrenia

Abstract Objective This study explored the changes in serum neurotrophic factor levels, the status of cognitive function, event-related potential P300, and the relationships between serum neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive functions, as well as event-related potential P300 in male schizophreni...

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Main Authors: Pan Jing, Xiaopeng Yin, Haihang Yu, Ye Fu, Fangmin Wang, Xi Mei, Qiaozhen Zhang, Qing Tian, Xiaobin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07173-9
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author Pan Jing
Xiaopeng Yin
Haihang Yu
Ye Fu
Fangmin Wang
Xi Mei
Qiaozhen Zhang
Qing Tian
Xiaobin Zhang
author_facet Pan Jing
Xiaopeng Yin
Haihang Yu
Ye Fu
Fangmin Wang
Xi Mei
Qiaozhen Zhang
Qing Tian
Xiaobin Zhang
author_sort Pan Jing
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This study explored the changes in serum neurotrophic factor levels, the status of cognitive function, event-related potential P300, and the relationships between serum neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive functions, as well as event-related potential P300 in male schizophrenia patients with long-term hospitalization. Methods A total of 82 male schizophrenia patients with long-term hospitalization and 52 healthy controls were recruited. Cognitive functions were evaluated in all participants, including verbal fluency function, attention function, executive function, and spatial function. Event-related potential P300 latency and amplitude were recorded using the Nicolet Viking Quest evoked potential system (USA). The serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were measured in all participants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The patient group exhibited significantly poorer performance in all cognitive functions compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The patient group exhibited a statistically significant prolongation in P300 latency and a reduction in P300 amplitude compared to the control group (P < 0.01). In addition, serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in the patient group (9.1 ± 2.1 ng/ml) compared to the control group (11.6 ± 2.3 ng/ml, P < 0.01). Serum GDNF levels were 603.4 ± 182.6 pg/ml in the patient group and 610.2 ± 176.3 pg/ml in the control group, showing no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Onset levels were significantly correlated with almost all cognitive functions. BDNF levels were correlated to digital cancellation test scores (P < 0.05) and trail making test part B (TMT-part B) scores (P < 0.05). Moreover, a correlation was found between GDNF levels and block design test scores (P < 0.05). The latency of P300 was correlated to digital cancellation test scores (P < 0.01) and trail making test part A (TMT-part A) scores (P < 0.05). The amplitude of P300 was correlated with digital cancellation test scores (P < 0.01). Conclusions This study reveals that patients with chronic schizophrenia suffer from notable cognitive deficits during long-term hospitalization, which is linked to specific clinical characteristics. The patient group exhibited significantly lower serum BDNF levels than the control group. Event-related potential P300 testing revealed prolonged latency and reduced amplitude in patients. Serum BDNF and GDNF levels were selectively correlated with specific cognitive function performance.
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series BMC Psychiatry
spelling doaj-art-2999e4b8e6ca428a9df7e6a7fa9e4a9a2025-08-20T03:43:29ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2025-07-0125111010.1186/s12888-025-07173-9Relationship between cognitive functions and serum neurotrophic factor levels in long-term hospitalized male patients with schizophreniaPan Jing0Xiaopeng Yin1Haihang Yu2Ye Fu3Fangmin Wang4Xi Mei5Qiaozhen Zhang6Qing Tian7Xiaobin Zhang8Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Kangning HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Kangning HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Kangning HospitalIntensive Care Unit, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Yinzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Kangning HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Kangning HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Kangning HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow UniversityAbstract Objective This study explored the changes in serum neurotrophic factor levels, the status of cognitive function, event-related potential P300, and the relationships between serum neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive functions, as well as event-related potential P300 in male schizophrenia patients with long-term hospitalization. Methods A total of 82 male schizophrenia patients with long-term hospitalization and 52 healthy controls were recruited. Cognitive functions were evaluated in all participants, including verbal fluency function, attention function, executive function, and spatial function. Event-related potential P300 latency and amplitude were recorded using the Nicolet Viking Quest evoked potential system (USA). The serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were measured in all participants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The patient group exhibited significantly poorer performance in all cognitive functions compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The patient group exhibited a statistically significant prolongation in P300 latency and a reduction in P300 amplitude compared to the control group (P < 0.01). In addition, serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in the patient group (9.1 ± 2.1 ng/ml) compared to the control group (11.6 ± 2.3 ng/ml, P < 0.01). Serum GDNF levels were 603.4 ± 182.6 pg/ml in the patient group and 610.2 ± 176.3 pg/ml in the control group, showing no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Onset levels were significantly correlated with almost all cognitive functions. BDNF levels were correlated to digital cancellation test scores (P < 0.05) and trail making test part B (TMT-part B) scores (P < 0.05). Moreover, a correlation was found between GDNF levels and block design test scores (P < 0.05). The latency of P300 was correlated to digital cancellation test scores (P < 0.01) and trail making test part A (TMT-part A) scores (P < 0.05). The amplitude of P300 was correlated with digital cancellation test scores (P < 0.01). Conclusions This study reveals that patients with chronic schizophrenia suffer from notable cognitive deficits during long-term hospitalization, which is linked to specific clinical characteristics. The patient group exhibited significantly lower serum BDNF levels than the control group. Event-related potential P300 testing revealed prolonged latency and reduced amplitude in patients. Serum BDNF and GDNF levels were selectively correlated with specific cognitive function performance.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07173-9SchizophreniaCognitive functionsNeurotrophic factorsEvent-related potentialsBDNFGDNF
spellingShingle Pan Jing
Xiaopeng Yin
Haihang Yu
Ye Fu
Fangmin Wang
Xi Mei
Qiaozhen Zhang
Qing Tian
Xiaobin Zhang
Relationship between cognitive functions and serum neurotrophic factor levels in long-term hospitalized male patients with schizophrenia
BMC Psychiatry
Schizophrenia
Cognitive functions
Neurotrophic factors
Event-related potentials
BDNF
GDNF
title Relationship between cognitive functions and serum neurotrophic factor levels in long-term hospitalized male patients with schizophrenia
title_full Relationship between cognitive functions and serum neurotrophic factor levels in long-term hospitalized male patients with schizophrenia
title_fullStr Relationship between cognitive functions and serum neurotrophic factor levels in long-term hospitalized male patients with schizophrenia
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between cognitive functions and serum neurotrophic factor levels in long-term hospitalized male patients with schizophrenia
title_short Relationship between cognitive functions and serum neurotrophic factor levels in long-term hospitalized male patients with schizophrenia
title_sort relationship between cognitive functions and serum neurotrophic factor levels in long term hospitalized male patients with schizophrenia
topic Schizophrenia
Cognitive functions
Neurotrophic factors
Event-related potentials
BDNF
GDNF
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07173-9
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