QPUF: Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions for Security-by-Design of Industrial Internet-of-Things
This research investigates the integration of quantum hardware-assisted security into critical applications, including the Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), Smart Grid, and Smart Transportation. The Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions (QPUF) architecture has emerged as a robust security paradi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Cryptography |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/2/34 |
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| author | Venkata K. V. V. Bathalapalli Saraju P. Mohanty Chenyun Pan Elias Kougianos |
| author_facet | Venkata K. V. V. Bathalapalli Saraju P. Mohanty Chenyun Pan Elias Kougianos |
| author_sort | Venkata K. V. V. Bathalapalli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research investigates the integration of quantum hardware-assisted security into critical applications, including the Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), Smart Grid, and Smart Transportation. The Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions (QPUF) architecture has emerged as a robust security paradigm, harnessing the inherent randomness of quantum hardware to generate unique and tamper-resistant cryptographic fingerprints. This work explores the potential of Quantum Computing for Security-by-Design (SbD) in the Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), aiming to establish security as a fundamental and inherent feature. SbD in Quantum Computing focuses on ensuring the security and privacy of Quantum computing applications by leveraging the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, which underpin the quantum computing infrastructure. This research presents a scalable and sustainable security framework for the trusted attestation of smart industrial entities in Quantum Industrial Internet-of-Things (QIoT) applications within Industry 4.0. Central to this approach is the QPUF, which leverages quantum mechanical principles to generate unique, tamper-resistant fingerprints. The proposed QPUF circuit logic has been deployed on IBM quantum systems and simulators for validation. The experimental results demonstrate the enhanced randomness and an intra-hamming distance of approximately 50% on the IBM quantum hardware, along with improved reliability despite varying error rates, coherence, and decoherence times. Furthermore, the circuit achieved 100% reliability on Google’s Cirq simulator and 95% reliability on IBM’s quantum simulator, highlighting the QPUF’s potential in advancing quantum-centric security solutions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2990e71ec46b46d7978d7fc8dc472ba4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2410-387X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cryptography |
| spelling | doaj-art-2990e71ec46b46d7978d7fc8dc472ba42025-08-20T02:24:29ZengMDPI AGCryptography2410-387X2025-05-01923410.3390/cryptography9020034QPUF: Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions for Security-by-Design of Industrial Internet-of-ThingsVenkata K. V. V. Bathalapalli0Saraju P. Mohanty1Chenyun Pan2Elias Kougianos3Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USADepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USAThis research investigates the integration of quantum hardware-assisted security into critical applications, including the Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), Smart Grid, and Smart Transportation. The Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions (QPUF) architecture has emerged as a robust security paradigm, harnessing the inherent randomness of quantum hardware to generate unique and tamper-resistant cryptographic fingerprints. This work explores the potential of Quantum Computing for Security-by-Design (SbD) in the Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), aiming to establish security as a fundamental and inherent feature. SbD in Quantum Computing focuses on ensuring the security and privacy of Quantum computing applications by leveraging the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, which underpin the quantum computing infrastructure. This research presents a scalable and sustainable security framework for the trusted attestation of smart industrial entities in Quantum Industrial Internet-of-Things (QIoT) applications within Industry 4.0. Central to this approach is the QPUF, which leverages quantum mechanical principles to generate unique, tamper-resistant fingerprints. The proposed QPUF circuit logic has been deployed on IBM quantum systems and simulators for validation. The experimental results demonstrate the enhanced randomness and an intra-hamming distance of approximately 50% on the IBM quantum hardware, along with improved reliability despite varying error rates, coherence, and decoherence times. Furthermore, the circuit achieved 100% reliability on Google’s Cirq simulator and 95% reliability on IBM’s quantum simulator, highlighting the QPUF’s potential in advancing quantum-centric security solutions.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/2/34industrial internet-of-things (IIoT)quantum security-by-design (QSbD)quantum physical unclonable functions (QPUF) |
| spellingShingle | Venkata K. V. V. Bathalapalli Saraju P. Mohanty Chenyun Pan Elias Kougianos QPUF: Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions for Security-by-Design of Industrial Internet-of-Things Cryptography industrial internet-of-things (IIoT) quantum security-by-design (QSbD) quantum physical unclonable functions (QPUF) |
| title | QPUF: Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions for Security-by-Design of Industrial Internet-of-Things |
| title_full | QPUF: Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions for Security-by-Design of Industrial Internet-of-Things |
| title_fullStr | QPUF: Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions for Security-by-Design of Industrial Internet-of-Things |
| title_full_unstemmed | QPUF: Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions for Security-by-Design of Industrial Internet-of-Things |
| title_short | QPUF: Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions for Security-by-Design of Industrial Internet-of-Things |
| title_sort | qpuf quantum physical unclonable functions for security by design of industrial internet of things |
| topic | industrial internet-of-things (IIoT) quantum security-by-design (QSbD) quantum physical unclonable functions (QPUF) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/2/34 |
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