High-energy Neutrino Signatures from Pulsar Remnants of Binary Neutron-star Mergers: Coincident Detection Prospects with Gravitational Waves
Binary neutron-star (BNS) mergers are accompanied by multimessenger emissions, including gravitational wave (GW), neutrino, and electromagnetic signals. Some fraction of BNS mergers may result in a rapidly spinning magnetar as a remnant, which can enhance both the EM and neutrino emissions. In this...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc913 |
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| author | Mainak Mukhopadhyay Shigeo S. Kimura Brian D. Metzger |
| author_facet | Mainak Mukhopadhyay Shigeo S. Kimura Brian D. Metzger |
| author_sort | Mainak Mukhopadhyay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Binary neutron-star (BNS) mergers are accompanied by multimessenger emissions, including gravitational wave (GW), neutrino, and electromagnetic signals. Some fraction of BNS mergers may result in a rapidly spinning magnetar as a remnant, which can enhance both the EM and neutrino emissions. In this study, we model the neutrino emissions from such systems and discuss the prospects for detecting the neutrinos coincident with GW signatures. We consider a scenario where a magnetar remnant drives a pulsar wind using its spin energy. The wind interacts with the surrounding kilonova ejecta, forming a nebula filled with nonthermal photons. Ions and nuclei extracted from the magnetar’s surface can be accelerated in the polar-cap and the termination-shock regions. We investigate the neutrino fluences resulting from photomeson interactions, where accelerated CR protons interact with the photons in the nebula. Our findings indicate that the peak neutrino fluence is ∼10 ^−2 GeV cm ^−2 for a source at 40 Mpc, which is reached approximately ${ \mathcal O }(1-10\,\mathrm{days})$ post-merger. Finally, we examine the potential for GW-triggered stacking searches with IceCube-Gen2 using next-generation GW detectors such as the Cosmic Explorer (CE) and the Einstein Telescope (ET). We conclude that, assuming an optimistic neutrino emission model, a combination of CE+ET would offer a high probability of neutrino detection from these sources within an operational timescale of ∼20 yr. In case of nondetection, 2 σ level constraints on model parameters can be established within similar joint operation timescales. |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| spelling | doaj-art-298467e2cf0a49c7a245e89e21f23d152025-08-20T02:40:21ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01987221810.3847/1538-4357/adc913High-energy Neutrino Signatures from Pulsar Remnants of Binary Neutron-star Mergers: Coincident Detection Prospects with Gravitational WavesMainak Mukhopadhyay0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2109-5315Shigeo S. Kimura1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-7266Brian D. Metzger2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-7509Department of Physics, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Center for Multimessenger Astrophysics, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; mkm7190@psu.eduFrontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Astronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, JapanDepartment of Physics and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Computational Astrophysics , Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USABinary neutron-star (BNS) mergers are accompanied by multimessenger emissions, including gravitational wave (GW), neutrino, and electromagnetic signals. Some fraction of BNS mergers may result in a rapidly spinning magnetar as a remnant, which can enhance both the EM and neutrino emissions. In this study, we model the neutrino emissions from such systems and discuss the prospects for detecting the neutrinos coincident with GW signatures. We consider a scenario where a magnetar remnant drives a pulsar wind using its spin energy. The wind interacts with the surrounding kilonova ejecta, forming a nebula filled with nonthermal photons. Ions and nuclei extracted from the magnetar’s surface can be accelerated in the polar-cap and the termination-shock regions. We investigate the neutrino fluences resulting from photomeson interactions, where accelerated CR protons interact with the photons in the nebula. Our findings indicate that the peak neutrino fluence is ∼10 ^−2 GeV cm ^−2 for a source at 40 Mpc, which is reached approximately ${ \mathcal O }(1-10\,\mathrm{days})$ post-merger. Finally, we examine the potential for GW-triggered stacking searches with IceCube-Gen2 using next-generation GW detectors such as the Cosmic Explorer (CE) and the Einstein Telescope (ET). We conclude that, assuming an optimistic neutrino emission model, a combination of CE+ET would offer a high probability of neutrino detection from these sources within an operational timescale of ∼20 yr. In case of nondetection, 2 σ level constraints on model parameters can be established within similar joint operation timescales.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc913High energy astrophysicsParticle astrophysicsNeutrino astronomyTransient sourcesGravitational wave detectorsNeutrino telescopes |
| spellingShingle | Mainak Mukhopadhyay Shigeo S. Kimura Brian D. Metzger High-energy Neutrino Signatures from Pulsar Remnants of Binary Neutron-star Mergers: Coincident Detection Prospects with Gravitational Waves The Astrophysical Journal High energy astrophysics Particle astrophysics Neutrino astronomy Transient sources Gravitational wave detectors Neutrino telescopes |
| title | High-energy Neutrino Signatures from Pulsar Remnants of Binary Neutron-star Mergers: Coincident Detection Prospects with Gravitational Waves |
| title_full | High-energy Neutrino Signatures from Pulsar Remnants of Binary Neutron-star Mergers: Coincident Detection Prospects with Gravitational Waves |
| title_fullStr | High-energy Neutrino Signatures from Pulsar Remnants of Binary Neutron-star Mergers: Coincident Detection Prospects with Gravitational Waves |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-energy Neutrino Signatures from Pulsar Remnants of Binary Neutron-star Mergers: Coincident Detection Prospects with Gravitational Waves |
| title_short | High-energy Neutrino Signatures from Pulsar Remnants of Binary Neutron-star Mergers: Coincident Detection Prospects with Gravitational Waves |
| title_sort | high energy neutrino signatures from pulsar remnants of binary neutron star mergers coincident detection prospects with gravitational waves |
| topic | High energy astrophysics Particle astrophysics Neutrino astronomy Transient sources Gravitational wave detectors Neutrino telescopes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc913 |
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