The Properties of the Monolayers of Sorbitan Lipids as Informative Factors on the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Value of Their Mixtures, Proposed for Dermatological Applications

This study investigates the correlation between the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values and the π–A isotherm parameters of surfactant monolayers composed of sorbitan esters, specifically sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monooleate, and sorbitan sesquioleate. The surfact...

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Main Authors: Remigiusz Zapolski, Monika Gasztych, Beata Jastrząb-Miśkiewicz, Alina Jankowska-Konsur, Witold Musiał
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1841
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author Remigiusz Zapolski
Monika Gasztych
Beata Jastrząb-Miśkiewicz
Alina Jankowska-Konsur
Witold Musiał
author_facet Remigiusz Zapolski
Monika Gasztych
Beata Jastrząb-Miśkiewicz
Alina Jankowska-Konsur
Witold Musiał
author_sort Remigiusz Zapolski
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the correlation between the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values and the π–A isotherm parameters of surfactant monolayers composed of sorbitan esters, specifically sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monooleate, and sorbitan sesquioleate. The surfactant mixtures were prepared, and their π-A isotherms were recorded. The HLB values calculated for each mixture were in the range 2.10–6.70. The HLB values were compared to compression parameters, including the ratios of the slopes and the ratios of the intercepts, which were between 0.19 and 4.00 and between 0.64 and 1.77, respectively, across the monolayer compression stages. The findings indicate a significant relationship between HLB values and isotherm parameters, particularly for systems with sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan sesquioleate. A value of determination coefficient of 0.95 was found for the linear equation representing the slope ratios as a function of HLB, whereas the intercept ratios, as a linear function of HLB, gave a lower value of 0.71. The results allow for the use of the π–A Langmuir isotherm to experimentally estimate the value of the HLB in mixtures of the sorbitol esters of fatty acids, whose value is an important parameter in the selection of optimized topical and transdermal formulations, highlighting the specific formulations that enhance active substance delivery while minimizing skin irritation potential.
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spelling doaj-art-297a6b78f13f4d868f67ff1b0d975a212025-08-20T02:28:32ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-04-01308184110.3390/molecules30081841The Properties of the Monolayers of Sorbitan Lipids as Informative Factors on the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Value of Their Mixtures, Proposed for Dermatological ApplicationsRemigiusz Zapolski0Monika Gasztych1Beata Jastrząb-Miśkiewicz2Alina Jankowska-Konsur3Witold Musiał4Department of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandUniversity Centre for General and Oncological Dermatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandUniversity Centre for General and Oncological Dermatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandThis study investigates the correlation between the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values and the π–A isotherm parameters of surfactant monolayers composed of sorbitan esters, specifically sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monooleate, and sorbitan sesquioleate. The surfactant mixtures were prepared, and their π-A isotherms were recorded. The HLB values calculated for each mixture were in the range 2.10–6.70. The HLB values were compared to compression parameters, including the ratios of the slopes and the ratios of the intercepts, which were between 0.19 and 4.00 and between 0.64 and 1.77, respectively, across the monolayer compression stages. The findings indicate a significant relationship between HLB values and isotherm parameters, particularly for systems with sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan sesquioleate. A value of determination coefficient of 0.95 was found for the linear equation representing the slope ratios as a function of HLB, whereas the intercept ratios, as a linear function of HLB, gave a lower value of 0.71. The results allow for the use of the π–A Langmuir isotherm to experimentally estimate the value of the HLB in mixtures of the sorbitol esters of fatty acids, whose value is an important parameter in the selection of optimized topical and transdermal formulations, highlighting the specific formulations that enhance active substance delivery while minimizing skin irritation potential.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1841surfactantHLBπ–A isothermssurface pressure measurements
spellingShingle Remigiusz Zapolski
Monika Gasztych
Beata Jastrząb-Miśkiewicz
Alina Jankowska-Konsur
Witold Musiał
The Properties of the Monolayers of Sorbitan Lipids as Informative Factors on the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Value of Their Mixtures, Proposed for Dermatological Applications
Molecules
surfactant
HLB
π–A isotherms
surface pressure measurements
title The Properties of the Monolayers of Sorbitan Lipids as Informative Factors on the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Value of Their Mixtures, Proposed for Dermatological Applications
title_full The Properties of the Monolayers of Sorbitan Lipids as Informative Factors on the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Value of Their Mixtures, Proposed for Dermatological Applications
title_fullStr The Properties of the Monolayers of Sorbitan Lipids as Informative Factors on the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Value of Their Mixtures, Proposed for Dermatological Applications
title_full_unstemmed The Properties of the Monolayers of Sorbitan Lipids as Informative Factors on the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Value of Their Mixtures, Proposed for Dermatological Applications
title_short The Properties of the Monolayers of Sorbitan Lipids as Informative Factors on the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance Value of Their Mixtures, Proposed for Dermatological Applications
title_sort properties of the monolayers of sorbitan lipids as informative factors on the hydrophilic lipophilic balance value of their mixtures proposed for dermatological applications
topic surfactant
HLB
π–A isotherms
surface pressure measurements
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1841
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