Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands: a cohort with 36-month follow-up

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).MethodsThe demographic and clinical data of 143 aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive NMOSD...

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Main Authors: Wenbo Yang, Xiaoni Liu, Jie Wei, Hai Yu, Wanqing Wu, Jingguo Wang, Bo Deng, Xiaoqin Wu, Xiangjun Chen, Xiang Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1536853/full
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author Wenbo Yang
Xiaoni Liu
Jie Wei
Hai Yu
Wanqing Wu
Jingguo Wang
Bo Deng
Xiaoqin Wu
Xiangjun Chen
Xiangjun Chen
Xiang Zhang
author_facet Wenbo Yang
Xiaoni Liu
Jie Wei
Hai Yu
Wanqing Wu
Jingguo Wang
Bo Deng
Xiaoqin Wu
Xiangjun Chen
Xiangjun Chen
Xiang Zhang
author_sort Wenbo Yang
collection DOAJ
description PurposeThis study aimed to explore the significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).MethodsThe demographic and clinical data of 143 aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive NMOSD patients were collected and analyzed, including the gender, age, clinical symptoms and signs, status of CSF OCBs, location and length of the affected spinal cord vertebral segments, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the first attack and at 36-month follow-up, relapse times within 36 months, concomitant connective tissue disease (CTD), and status of other autoimmune antibodies (oAIA).ResultsThere were 15 patients (10.5%) who were positive for OCBs (OCBs+). In contrast to those with negative OCBs (OCBs−), more OCBs+ cases had concomitant CTD [5/15 (33.3%) vs. 11/128 (8.6%), p = 0.014] and oAIA [9/15 (60.0%) vs. 37/128 (28.9%), p = 0.020]. OCBs+ patients had higher CSF cell counts [15.0 (27.0)/mm3vs. 5.0 (12.0)/mm3, p = 0.008], higher IgG index [0.68 (0.23) vs. 0.52 (0.15), p < 0.001], and more relapses within 36 months [2.0 (3.0) vs. 1.0 (2.0), p = 0.039] than OCBs− patients. More OCBs+ patients had polynuclear cell predominance in the CSF than OCBs− patients (p = 0.032). There were no significant differences between the OCBs+ and the OCBs− patients in the distribution of lesion locations; the length of the affected spinal cord vertebral segments; the concentration of CSF protein and the albumin quotient; the EDSS score at the time of lumbar puncture and at 36-month follow-up, and the onset episode, the relapse, and cumulative clinical syndrome profiles (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsFor AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD patients, positivity for CSF OCBs is associated with higher CSF cell counts and a higher likelihood to have concomitant CTD and oAIA. OCBs+ is not uncommon in NMOSD and may predict more frequent relapses, but not a more serious illness.
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spelling doaj-art-2972c7b9ba6148cb9a8cfe351a4e5fab2025-08-20T02:57:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-03-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15368531536853Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands: a cohort with 36-month follow-upWenbo Yang0Xiaoni Liu1Jie Wei2Hai Yu3Wanqing Wu4Jingguo Wang5Bo Deng6Xiaoqin Wu7Xiangjun Chen8Xiangjun Chen9Xiang Zhang10Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, NO. 905 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, ChinaHuman Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, ChinaPurposeThis study aimed to explore the significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).MethodsThe demographic and clinical data of 143 aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive NMOSD patients were collected and analyzed, including the gender, age, clinical symptoms and signs, status of CSF OCBs, location and length of the affected spinal cord vertebral segments, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the first attack and at 36-month follow-up, relapse times within 36 months, concomitant connective tissue disease (CTD), and status of other autoimmune antibodies (oAIA).ResultsThere were 15 patients (10.5%) who were positive for OCBs (OCBs+). In contrast to those with negative OCBs (OCBs−), more OCBs+ cases had concomitant CTD [5/15 (33.3%) vs. 11/128 (8.6%), p = 0.014] and oAIA [9/15 (60.0%) vs. 37/128 (28.9%), p = 0.020]. OCBs+ patients had higher CSF cell counts [15.0 (27.0)/mm3vs. 5.0 (12.0)/mm3, p = 0.008], higher IgG index [0.68 (0.23) vs. 0.52 (0.15), p < 0.001], and more relapses within 36 months [2.0 (3.0) vs. 1.0 (2.0), p = 0.039] than OCBs− patients. More OCBs+ patients had polynuclear cell predominance in the CSF than OCBs− patients (p = 0.032). There were no significant differences between the OCBs+ and the OCBs− patients in the distribution of lesion locations; the length of the affected spinal cord vertebral segments; the concentration of CSF protein and the albumin quotient; the EDSS score at the time of lumbar puncture and at 36-month follow-up, and the onset episode, the relapse, and cumulative clinical syndrome profiles (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsFor AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD patients, positivity for CSF OCBs is associated with higher CSF cell counts and a higher likelihood to have concomitant CTD and oAIA. OCBs+ is not uncommon in NMOSD and may predict more frequent relapses, but not a more serious illness.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1536853/fullneuromyelitis optica spectrum disorderoligoclonal bandsclinical characteristicslaboratory characteristics36-month follow-up
spellingShingle Wenbo Yang
Xiaoni Liu
Jie Wei
Hai Yu
Wanqing Wu
Jingguo Wang
Bo Deng
Xiaoqin Wu
Xiangjun Chen
Xiangjun Chen
Xiang Zhang
Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands: a cohort with 36-month follow-up
Frontiers in Immunology
neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
oligoclonal bands
clinical characteristics
laboratory characteristics
36-month follow-up
title Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands: a cohort with 36-month follow-up
title_full Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands: a cohort with 36-month follow-up
title_fullStr Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands: a cohort with 36-month follow-up
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands: a cohort with 36-month follow-up
title_short Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands: a cohort with 36-month follow-up
title_sort comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands a cohort with 36 month follow up
topic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
oligoclonal bands
clinical characteristics
laboratory characteristics
36-month follow-up
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1536853/full
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