Chlorinated very short-lived substances offset the long-term reduction of inorganic stratospheric chlorine

Abstract Over the past few decades, a reduction in chlorinated long-lived ozone-depleting substance emissions due to the regulations imposed by the Montreal Protocol has led to a global decrease in stratospheric chlorine. At the same time, emissions of chlorinated Very Short-Lived Substances, which...

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Main Authors: Kimberlee Dubé, Susann Tegtmeier, Adam Bourassa, Johannes C. Laube, Andreas Engel, Laura N. Saunders, Kaley A. Walker, Ryan Hossaini, Ewa M. Bednarz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02478-9
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author Kimberlee Dubé
Susann Tegtmeier
Adam Bourassa
Johannes C. Laube
Andreas Engel
Laura N. Saunders
Kaley A. Walker
Ryan Hossaini
Ewa M. Bednarz
author_facet Kimberlee Dubé
Susann Tegtmeier
Adam Bourassa
Johannes C. Laube
Andreas Engel
Laura N. Saunders
Kaley A. Walker
Ryan Hossaini
Ewa M. Bednarz
author_sort Kimberlee Dubé
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Over the past few decades, a reduction in chlorinated long-lived ozone-depleting substance emissions due to the regulations imposed by the Montreal Protocol has led to a global decrease in stratospheric chlorine. At the same time, emissions of chlorinated Very Short-Lived Substances, which are unregulated, have increased. Here we show that observed changes of inorganic stratospheric chlorine are inconsistent with changes in the tropospheric abundances of long-lived ozone-depleting substances. Satellite observations of stratospheric chlorine species from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment—Fourier Transform Spectrometer during 2004–2020 reveal that the observed decrease in inorganic stratospheric chlorine is 25%–30% smaller than expected based on trends of long-lived ozone-depleting substances alone. At mid-latitudes in the lower stratosphere, this can be explained by the chlorinated Very Short-Lived Substances increase, which offsets the long-term reduction of stratospheric chlorine by up to 30%.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2662-4435
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Communications Earth & Environment
spelling doaj-art-2969bdc1c2374ca789b016e69b8f2d7a2025-08-20T03:22:57ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-06-01611710.1038/s43247-025-02478-9Chlorinated very short-lived substances offset the long-term reduction of inorganic stratospheric chlorineKimberlee Dubé0Susann Tegtmeier1Adam Bourassa2Johannes C. Laube3Andreas Engel4Laura N. Saunders5Kaley A. Walker6Ryan Hossaini7Ewa M. Bednarz8Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of SaskatchewanInstitute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of SaskatchewanInstitute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of SaskatchewanInstitute of Climate and Energy Systems (ICE-4: Stratosphere), Forschungszentrum JülichInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University FrankfurtDepartment of Physics, University of TorontoDepartment of Physics, University of TorontoLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster UniversityCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado BoulderAbstract Over the past few decades, a reduction in chlorinated long-lived ozone-depleting substance emissions due to the regulations imposed by the Montreal Protocol has led to a global decrease in stratospheric chlorine. At the same time, emissions of chlorinated Very Short-Lived Substances, which are unregulated, have increased. Here we show that observed changes of inorganic stratospheric chlorine are inconsistent with changes in the tropospheric abundances of long-lived ozone-depleting substances. Satellite observations of stratospheric chlorine species from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment—Fourier Transform Spectrometer during 2004–2020 reveal that the observed decrease in inorganic stratospheric chlorine is 25%–30% smaller than expected based on trends of long-lived ozone-depleting substances alone. At mid-latitudes in the lower stratosphere, this can be explained by the chlorinated Very Short-Lived Substances increase, which offsets the long-term reduction of stratospheric chlorine by up to 30%.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02478-9
spellingShingle Kimberlee Dubé
Susann Tegtmeier
Adam Bourassa
Johannes C. Laube
Andreas Engel
Laura N. Saunders
Kaley A. Walker
Ryan Hossaini
Ewa M. Bednarz
Chlorinated very short-lived substances offset the long-term reduction of inorganic stratospheric chlorine
Communications Earth & Environment
title Chlorinated very short-lived substances offset the long-term reduction of inorganic stratospheric chlorine
title_full Chlorinated very short-lived substances offset the long-term reduction of inorganic stratospheric chlorine
title_fullStr Chlorinated very short-lived substances offset the long-term reduction of inorganic stratospheric chlorine
title_full_unstemmed Chlorinated very short-lived substances offset the long-term reduction of inorganic stratospheric chlorine
title_short Chlorinated very short-lived substances offset the long-term reduction of inorganic stratospheric chlorine
title_sort chlorinated very short lived substances offset the long term reduction of inorganic stratospheric chlorine
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02478-9
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