Air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality: a cohort study in crop-burning activities and forest fires area

IntroductionNorthern Thailand experiences high levels of air pollution in the dry season due to agricultural waste burning and forest fires. Some air pollutants can enter the bloodstream, and the liver has the role of detoxifying these along with other harmful substances. In this study, we assessed...

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Main Authors: Natthapat Thongsak, Taned Chitapanarux, Anon Chotirosniramit, Somvilai Chakrabandhu, Patrinee Traisathit, Nawapon Nakharutai, Pimwarat Srikummoon, Salinee Thumronglaohapun, Titaporn Supasri, Phonpat Hemwan, Imjai Chitapanarux
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-09-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1389760/full
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author Natthapat Thongsak
Taned Chitapanarux
Anon Chotirosniramit
Somvilai Chakrabandhu
Patrinee Traisathit
Nawapon Nakharutai
Pimwarat Srikummoon
Salinee Thumronglaohapun
Titaporn Supasri
Phonpat Hemwan
Imjai Chitapanarux
author_facet Natthapat Thongsak
Taned Chitapanarux
Anon Chotirosniramit
Somvilai Chakrabandhu
Patrinee Traisathit
Nawapon Nakharutai
Pimwarat Srikummoon
Salinee Thumronglaohapun
Titaporn Supasri
Phonpat Hemwan
Imjai Chitapanarux
author_sort Natthapat Thongsak
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionNorthern Thailand experiences high levels of air pollution in the dry season due to agricultural waste burning and forest fires. Some air pollutants can enter the bloodstream, and the liver has the role of detoxifying these along with other harmful substances. In this study, we assessed the effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on liver cancer mortality in this area.MethodsA cohort of 10,859 primary liver cancer patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2018 and followed up to the end of 2020 were included in the study. Extended time-varying covariates of the annually averaged pollutant concentrations updated each year were utilized. The associations between air pollutants and mortality risk were examined by using a Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsMetastatic cancer stage had the highest adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 3.57 (95% confidence interval (CI):3.23–3.95). Being male (aHR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04–1.15), over 60 years old (aHR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11–1.21), having a history of smoking (aHR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.11–1.22), and being exposed to a time-updated local concentration of PM2.5 of 40 μg/m3 (aHR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05–1.15) increased the mortality risk.ConclusionWe found that air pollution is one of several detrimental factors on the mortality risk of liver cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-295f7ec1cf7d4d6f86c08ef4c83d50e32025-08-20T01:54:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-09-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.13897601389760Air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality: a cohort study in crop-burning activities and forest fires areaNatthapat Thongsak0Taned Chitapanarux1Anon Chotirosniramit2Somvilai Chakrabandhu3Patrinee Traisathit4Nawapon Nakharutai5Pimwarat Srikummoon6Salinee Thumronglaohapun7Titaporn Supasri8Phonpat Hemwan9Imjai Chitapanarux10Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDivision of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDivision of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDepartment of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDepartment of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDepartment of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDepartment of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandAtmospheric Research Unit of National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai, ThailandGeo-Informatics and Space Technology Centre (Northern Region), Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDivision of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandIntroductionNorthern Thailand experiences high levels of air pollution in the dry season due to agricultural waste burning and forest fires. Some air pollutants can enter the bloodstream, and the liver has the role of detoxifying these along with other harmful substances. In this study, we assessed the effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on liver cancer mortality in this area.MethodsA cohort of 10,859 primary liver cancer patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2018 and followed up to the end of 2020 were included in the study. Extended time-varying covariates of the annually averaged pollutant concentrations updated each year were utilized. The associations between air pollutants and mortality risk were examined by using a Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsMetastatic cancer stage had the highest adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 3.57 (95% confidence interval (CI):3.23–3.95). Being male (aHR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04–1.15), over 60 years old (aHR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11–1.21), having a history of smoking (aHR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.11–1.22), and being exposed to a time-updated local concentration of PM2.5 of 40 μg/m3 (aHR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05–1.15) increased the mortality risk.ConclusionWe found that air pollution is one of several detrimental factors on the mortality risk of liver cancer.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1389760/fullliver cancermortality rateair pollutantsforest fire areasurvival rate
spellingShingle Natthapat Thongsak
Taned Chitapanarux
Anon Chotirosniramit
Somvilai Chakrabandhu
Patrinee Traisathit
Nawapon Nakharutai
Pimwarat Srikummoon
Salinee Thumronglaohapun
Titaporn Supasri
Phonpat Hemwan
Imjai Chitapanarux
Air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality: a cohort study in crop-burning activities and forest fires area
Frontiers in Public Health
liver cancer
mortality rate
air pollutants
forest fire area
survival rate
title Air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality: a cohort study in crop-burning activities and forest fires area
title_full Air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality: a cohort study in crop-burning activities and forest fires area
title_fullStr Air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality: a cohort study in crop-burning activities and forest fires area
title_full_unstemmed Air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality: a cohort study in crop-burning activities and forest fires area
title_short Air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality: a cohort study in crop-burning activities and forest fires area
title_sort air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality a cohort study in crop burning activities and forest fires area
topic liver cancer
mortality rate
air pollutants
forest fire area
survival rate
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1389760/full
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