Unveiling the metabolic roles: how lead exposure elevates uric acid levels

Abstract Chronic lead (Pb) exposure remains a global public health concern throughout the world. Particularly the populations in industrial or polluted environments tend to have an increased risk of metabolic imbalance in uric acid (UA). However, the metabolic profile alteration under Pb exposure-in...

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Main Authors: Wanlu Liu, Yaotang Deng, Guoliang Li, Zhiqiang Zhao, Xinyu Zhu, Jiazhen Zhou, Mushi Yi, Simin Xian, Yue Hu, Youyi Wu, Qiaoyuan Yang, Lili Liu, Yansen Bai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Environmental Sciences Europe
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01186-7
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author Wanlu Liu
Yaotang Deng
Guoliang Li
Zhiqiang Zhao
Xinyu Zhu
Jiazhen Zhou
Mushi Yi
Simin Xian
Yue Hu
Youyi Wu
Qiaoyuan Yang
Lili Liu
Yansen Bai
author_facet Wanlu Liu
Yaotang Deng
Guoliang Li
Zhiqiang Zhao
Xinyu Zhu
Jiazhen Zhou
Mushi Yi
Simin Xian
Yue Hu
Youyi Wu
Qiaoyuan Yang
Lili Liu
Yansen Bai
author_sort Wanlu Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Chronic lead (Pb) exposure remains a global public health concern throughout the world. Particularly the populations in industrial or polluted environments tend to have an increased risk of metabolic imbalance in uric acid (UA). However, the metabolic profile alteration under Pb exposure-induced UA elevation is largely unknown. This study included 505 participants occupationally exposed to Pb, and levels of blood Pb, UA, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics was used to profile serum metabolome among a representative sample of 90 workers. To elucidate the effects of Pb exposure on UA level and metabolic alterations, as well as to investigate the mediating roles of metabolites and eGFR, generalized additive models alongside parallel and serial mediation analyses were employed. We found that blood Pb levels were related to high UA levels and low eGFR, respectively. The 10 Pb exposure-related metabolites were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, and this metabolite mixture as a whole (present as a weighted quantile sum index) had positive and negative dose–response relationships with UA [β (95%CI) = 0.49 (0.28, 0.70), P < 0.001] and eGFR [β (95%CI) = − 2.54 (− 2.30, − 2.78), P < 0.001], respectively. Metabolites and eGFR played no parallel mediation roles but played serial mediating effects on Pb exposure-UA associations (Pb → wqs index → eGFR → UA, mediation proportion = 40.7%). In particular, a significant indirect path involving mediators in a causal chain of 3-Methoxytyrosine to eGFR (Pb → 3-Methoxytyrosine → eGFR → UA, mediation proportion = 22.0%) was observed. Our findings reveal a causal chain, metabolic alteration, and subsequent kidney function decline involved in the physiologies and pathogenesis of Pb exposure-induced UA elevation, indicating several key metabolites could serve as a target for effective prevention and treatment.
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issn 2190-4715
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spelling doaj-art-295bd54b45bf4acfbf0e9909385b44202025-08-20T03:45:52ZengSpringerOpenEnvironmental Sciences Europe2190-47152025-08-0137111510.1186/s12302-025-01186-7Unveiling the metabolic roles: how lead exposure elevates uric acid levelsWanlu Liu0Yaotang Deng1Guoliang Li2Zhiqiang Zhao3Xinyu Zhu4Jiazhen Zhou5Mushi Yi6Simin Xian7Yue Hu8Youyi Wu9Qiaoyuan Yang10Lili Liu11Yansen Bai12Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical UniversityChief Physician, Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentChief Physician, Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentChief Physician, Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentInstitute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical UniversityChief Physician, Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentChief Physician, Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentChief Physician, Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentChief Physician, Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentChief Physician, Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentInstitute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical UniversityChief Physician, Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentInstitute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Chronic lead (Pb) exposure remains a global public health concern throughout the world. Particularly the populations in industrial or polluted environments tend to have an increased risk of metabolic imbalance in uric acid (UA). However, the metabolic profile alteration under Pb exposure-induced UA elevation is largely unknown. This study included 505 participants occupationally exposed to Pb, and levels of blood Pb, UA, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics was used to profile serum metabolome among a representative sample of 90 workers. To elucidate the effects of Pb exposure on UA level and metabolic alterations, as well as to investigate the mediating roles of metabolites and eGFR, generalized additive models alongside parallel and serial mediation analyses were employed. We found that blood Pb levels were related to high UA levels and low eGFR, respectively. The 10 Pb exposure-related metabolites were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, and this metabolite mixture as a whole (present as a weighted quantile sum index) had positive and negative dose–response relationships with UA [β (95%CI) = 0.49 (0.28, 0.70), P < 0.001] and eGFR [β (95%CI) = − 2.54 (− 2.30, − 2.78), P < 0.001], respectively. Metabolites and eGFR played no parallel mediation roles but played serial mediating effects on Pb exposure-UA associations (Pb → wqs index → eGFR → UA, mediation proportion = 40.7%). In particular, a significant indirect path involving mediators in a causal chain of 3-Methoxytyrosine to eGFR (Pb → 3-Methoxytyrosine → eGFR → UA, mediation proportion = 22.0%) was observed. Our findings reveal a causal chain, metabolic alteration, and subsequent kidney function decline involved in the physiologies and pathogenesis of Pb exposure-induced UA elevation, indicating several key metabolites could serve as a target for effective prevention and treatment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01186-7Lead exposureMetabolomicsUric acidEstimated glomerular filtration rateSerial mediating effects
spellingShingle Wanlu Liu
Yaotang Deng
Guoliang Li
Zhiqiang Zhao
Xinyu Zhu
Jiazhen Zhou
Mushi Yi
Simin Xian
Yue Hu
Youyi Wu
Qiaoyuan Yang
Lili Liu
Yansen Bai
Unveiling the metabolic roles: how lead exposure elevates uric acid levels
Environmental Sciences Europe
Lead exposure
Metabolomics
Uric acid
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Serial mediating effects
title Unveiling the metabolic roles: how lead exposure elevates uric acid levels
title_full Unveiling the metabolic roles: how lead exposure elevates uric acid levels
title_fullStr Unveiling the metabolic roles: how lead exposure elevates uric acid levels
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling the metabolic roles: how lead exposure elevates uric acid levels
title_short Unveiling the metabolic roles: how lead exposure elevates uric acid levels
title_sort unveiling the metabolic roles how lead exposure elevates uric acid levels
topic Lead exposure
Metabolomics
Uric acid
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Serial mediating effects
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01186-7
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