Impact of Mixed Sources on the Atmospheric Aerosols of Urbanized Areas in the Philippines
Abstract Southeast Asia (SEA) holds approximately 10% of the global population, who are constantly exposed to severe local and transboundary air pollution. Here, we characterized the physiochemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in urbanized areas (Valenzuela, Manila, and Boracay) in the Ph...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230122 |
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| author | Preciosa Corazon B. Pabroa Joseph Michael D. Racho John Robin Yee Lawrence Adrian Tacliad Haron Deo Vargaz Iara Chantrelle V. Coronel Raymond J. Sugcang Christian Mark G. Salvador |
| author_facet | Preciosa Corazon B. Pabroa Joseph Michael D. Racho John Robin Yee Lawrence Adrian Tacliad Haron Deo Vargaz Iara Chantrelle V. Coronel Raymond J. Sugcang Christian Mark G. Salvador |
| author_sort | Preciosa Corazon B. Pabroa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Southeast Asia (SEA) holds approximately 10% of the global population, who are constantly exposed to severe local and transboundary air pollution. Here, we characterized the physiochemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in urbanized areas (Valenzuela, Manila, and Boracay) in the Philippines. The variability of coarse and fine aerosols, black carbon (BC), and trace elements of particulate matter (PM) were analyzed between June 2017 and April 2019. The average fine (coarse) aerosols of Valenzuela, Manila, and Boracay were 26.7 (80.4), 27.9 (86.6), and 20.9 (124.6) μg m−3, respectively, which all exceeded the recent annual limits of the World Health Organization. The average BC level was 6.6 μg m−3 across three sampling sites, ranging between 4 to 83% of the fine PM mass. Vehicular emission predominated at the extreme urban sites as reflected by the high BC levels attributed to transport activities. The conventional receptor modeling procedure was implemented and improved by integrating BC speciation, which distinguished vehicle emission and biomass burning. The new method revealed eight and seven sources influencing the atmospheric conditions of Valenzuela and Boracay. In particular, the elevated zinc and lead highlighted the substantial impact of industrial sources in Valenzuela, attributing more than 9% of PM2.5. For Boracay, construction activities evidently enhanced PM based on the mass burden of calcium. Overall, the results uncovered the origin of PM2.5 in urbanized locations in the Philippines, which will be valuable in reducing the exposure of a significant portion of the global population to harmful pollutants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-293b21b13dc04418939375ae9670fd28 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-293b21b13dc04418939375ae9670fd282025-02-09T12:23:56ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092023-12-0124311410.4209/aaqr.230122Impact of Mixed Sources on the Atmospheric Aerosols of Urbanized Areas in the PhilippinesPreciosa Corazon B. Pabroa0Joseph Michael D. Racho1John Robin Yee2Lawrence Adrian Tacliad3Haron Deo Vargaz4Iara Chantrelle V. Coronel5Raymond J. Sugcang6Christian Mark G. Salvador7Department of Science and Technology (Philippines), Philippine Nuclear Research InstituteDepartment of Science and Technology (Philippines), Philippine Nuclear Research InstituteDepartment of Science and Technology (Philippines), Philippine Nuclear Research InstitutePamantasan ng Lungsod ng MaynilaDepartment of Environment and Natural Resources, Community Environment and Natural Resources OfficeDepartment of Science and Technology (Philippines), Philippine Nuclear Research InstituteDepartment of Science and Technology (Philippines), Philippine Nuclear Research InstituteBalik Scientist Program, Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and DevelopmentAbstract Southeast Asia (SEA) holds approximately 10% of the global population, who are constantly exposed to severe local and transboundary air pollution. Here, we characterized the physiochemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in urbanized areas (Valenzuela, Manila, and Boracay) in the Philippines. The variability of coarse and fine aerosols, black carbon (BC), and trace elements of particulate matter (PM) were analyzed between June 2017 and April 2019. The average fine (coarse) aerosols of Valenzuela, Manila, and Boracay were 26.7 (80.4), 27.9 (86.6), and 20.9 (124.6) μg m−3, respectively, which all exceeded the recent annual limits of the World Health Organization. The average BC level was 6.6 μg m−3 across three sampling sites, ranging between 4 to 83% of the fine PM mass. Vehicular emission predominated at the extreme urban sites as reflected by the high BC levels attributed to transport activities. The conventional receptor modeling procedure was implemented and improved by integrating BC speciation, which distinguished vehicle emission and biomass burning. The new method revealed eight and seven sources influencing the atmospheric conditions of Valenzuela and Boracay. In particular, the elevated zinc and lead highlighted the substantial impact of industrial sources in Valenzuela, attributing more than 9% of PM2.5. For Boracay, construction activities evidently enhanced PM based on the mass burden of calcium. Overall, the results uncovered the origin of PM2.5 in urbanized locations in the Philippines, which will be valuable in reducing the exposure of a significant portion of the global population to harmful pollutants.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230122Southeast AsiaLocal pollutionMABIUrban emissions |
| spellingShingle | Preciosa Corazon B. Pabroa Joseph Michael D. Racho John Robin Yee Lawrence Adrian Tacliad Haron Deo Vargaz Iara Chantrelle V. Coronel Raymond J. Sugcang Christian Mark G. Salvador Impact of Mixed Sources on the Atmospheric Aerosols of Urbanized Areas in the Philippines Aerosol and Air Quality Research Southeast Asia Local pollution MABI Urban emissions |
| title | Impact of Mixed Sources on the Atmospheric Aerosols of Urbanized Areas in the Philippines |
| title_full | Impact of Mixed Sources on the Atmospheric Aerosols of Urbanized Areas in the Philippines |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Mixed Sources on the Atmospheric Aerosols of Urbanized Areas in the Philippines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Mixed Sources on the Atmospheric Aerosols of Urbanized Areas in the Philippines |
| title_short | Impact of Mixed Sources on the Atmospheric Aerosols of Urbanized Areas in the Philippines |
| title_sort | impact of mixed sources on the atmospheric aerosols of urbanized areas in the philippines |
| topic | Southeast Asia Local pollution MABI Urban emissions |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230122 |
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