Which novel teaching strategy is most recommended in medical education? A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Abstract Aim There is no conclusive evidence which one is the optimal methodology for enhancing the quality and efficacy of learning for medical students. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to evaluate and prioritize various teaching strategies in medical education, inc...

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Main Authors: Shuai-Long Zhang, Si-Jing Ren, Dong-Mei Zhu, Tian-Yao Liu, Lian Wang, Jing-Hui Zhao, Xiao-Tang Fan, Hong Gong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Medical Education
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06291-4
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author Shuai-Long Zhang
Si-Jing Ren
Dong-Mei Zhu
Tian-Yao Liu
Lian Wang
Jing-Hui Zhao
Xiao-Tang Fan
Hong Gong
author_facet Shuai-Long Zhang
Si-Jing Ren
Dong-Mei Zhu
Tian-Yao Liu
Lian Wang
Jing-Hui Zhao
Xiao-Tang Fan
Hong Gong
author_sort Shuai-Long Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Aim There is no conclusive evidence which one is the optimal methodology for enhancing the quality and efficacy of learning for medical students. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to evaluate and prioritize various teaching strategies in medical education, including simulation-based learning (SBL), flipped classrooms (FC), problem-based learning (PBL), team-based learning (TBL), case-based learning (CBL), and bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post-assessment, and summary (BOPPPS). Methods We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and some key medical education journals up to November 31, 2023. The following keywords were searched in MeSH: (“medical students”) AND (“problem-based learning” OR “problem solving”) AND (“Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic”). Two authors independently carried out data extraction and quality assessment from the final selection of records following a full-text assessment based on strict eligibility criteria. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were then applied to calculate pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) using a random-effects model. Statistical analysis was performed by R software (4.3.1) and Stata 14 software. Results A total of 80 randomized controlled trials with 6,180 students were included in the study. Compared to LBL, CBL (SMD = 1.19; 95% CI 0.49–1.90; p < 0.05; SUCRA = 89.4%), PBL (SMD = 3.37; 95% CI 1.23–5.51; p < 0.05; SUCRA = 93.3%), and SBL (SMD = 2.64; 95% CI 1.28–4.00; p < 0.05; SUCRA = 96.2%) were identified as the most effective methods in enhancing theoretical test scores, experimental or practical test scores, and students’ satisfaction scores, respectively. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that CBL (SUCRA = 97.7%) and PBL (SUCRA = 60.3%) were the most effective method for enhancing learning effectiveness within clinical curricula. Conclusions Among the six novel teaching strategies evaluated, CBL and PBL are more effective in enhancing the quality and efficacy of learning for medical students; SBL was determined to offer a superior learning experience throughout the educational process. However, this analysis revealed only minor differences among those novel teaching strategies.
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series BMC Medical Education
spelling doaj-art-2938012ca5914f10b57ca7bfdf0f333a2024-11-24T12:31:01ZengBMCBMC Medical Education1472-69202024-11-0124111210.1186/s12909-024-06291-4Which novel teaching strategy is most recommended in medical education? A systematic review and network meta-analysisShuai-Long Zhang0Si-Jing Ren1Dong-Mei Zhu2Tian-Yao Liu3Lian Wang4Jing-Hui Zhao5Xiao-Tang Fan6Hong Gong7Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology,, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology,, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Department of Hospital Infection Control, Chongqing Health Center for Women and ChildrenDepartment of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology,, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology,, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology,, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology,, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology,, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Abstract Aim There is no conclusive evidence which one is the optimal methodology for enhancing the quality and efficacy of learning for medical students. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to evaluate and prioritize various teaching strategies in medical education, including simulation-based learning (SBL), flipped classrooms (FC), problem-based learning (PBL), team-based learning (TBL), case-based learning (CBL), and bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post-assessment, and summary (BOPPPS). Methods We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and some key medical education journals up to November 31, 2023. The following keywords were searched in MeSH: (“medical students”) AND (“problem-based learning” OR “problem solving”) AND (“Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic”). Two authors independently carried out data extraction and quality assessment from the final selection of records following a full-text assessment based on strict eligibility criteria. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were then applied to calculate pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) using a random-effects model. Statistical analysis was performed by R software (4.3.1) and Stata 14 software. Results A total of 80 randomized controlled trials with 6,180 students were included in the study. Compared to LBL, CBL (SMD = 1.19; 95% CI 0.49–1.90; p < 0.05; SUCRA = 89.4%), PBL (SMD = 3.37; 95% CI 1.23–5.51; p < 0.05; SUCRA = 93.3%), and SBL (SMD = 2.64; 95% CI 1.28–4.00; p < 0.05; SUCRA = 96.2%) were identified as the most effective methods in enhancing theoretical test scores, experimental or practical test scores, and students’ satisfaction scores, respectively. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that CBL (SUCRA = 97.7%) and PBL (SUCRA = 60.3%) were the most effective method for enhancing learning effectiveness within clinical curricula. Conclusions Among the six novel teaching strategies evaluated, CBL and PBL are more effective in enhancing the quality and efficacy of learning for medical students; SBL was determined to offer a superior learning experience throughout the educational process. However, this analysis revealed only minor differences among those novel teaching strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06291-4Network Meta-AnalysisSystematic ReviewsMedical EducationMedical StudentsTeachingLearning
spellingShingle Shuai-Long Zhang
Si-Jing Ren
Dong-Mei Zhu
Tian-Yao Liu
Lian Wang
Jing-Hui Zhao
Xiao-Tang Fan
Hong Gong
Which novel teaching strategy is most recommended in medical education? A systematic review and network meta-analysis
BMC Medical Education
Network Meta-Analysis
Systematic Reviews
Medical Education
Medical Students
Teaching
Learning
title Which novel teaching strategy is most recommended in medical education? A systematic review and network meta-analysis
title_full Which novel teaching strategy is most recommended in medical education? A systematic review and network meta-analysis
title_fullStr Which novel teaching strategy is most recommended in medical education? A systematic review and network meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Which novel teaching strategy is most recommended in medical education? A systematic review and network meta-analysis
title_short Which novel teaching strategy is most recommended in medical education? A systematic review and network meta-analysis
title_sort which novel teaching strategy is most recommended in medical education a systematic review and network meta analysis
topic Network Meta-Analysis
Systematic Reviews
Medical Education
Medical Students
Teaching
Learning
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06291-4
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