Association between exposure to terpene compounds and risk of metabolic syndrome: exploring the potential mediating role of inflammatory response
BackgroundTerpenes are potentially harmful substances that are associated with endocrine disruption due to their ability to produce oxidizers, aldehydes, and secondary aerosol particles. However, the exact association between terpenoids and metabolic syndrome remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1551784/full |
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| author | Jiyu Nie Jiyu Nie Zhizhuo Huang Zhizhuo Huang Lin Wen Lin Wen Lin Wen Haiying Li Haiying Li Qianqian Xie Qianqian Xie Houchun Wang Zhengtian Lai Zhengtian Lai Chuhang Lin Chuhang Lin Chunxia Jing Chunxia Jing |
| author_facet | Jiyu Nie Jiyu Nie Zhizhuo Huang Zhizhuo Huang Lin Wen Lin Wen Lin Wen Haiying Li Haiying Li Qianqian Xie Qianqian Xie Houchun Wang Zhengtian Lai Zhengtian Lai Chuhang Lin Chuhang Lin Chunxia Jing Chunxia Jing |
| author_sort | Jiyu Nie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundTerpenes are potentially harmful substances that are associated with endocrine disruption due to their ability to produce oxidizers, aldehydes, and secondary aerosol particles. However, the exact association between terpenoids and metabolic syndrome remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the relationship between individual and mixed exposure to terpene compounds and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.MethodsWe utilized data from the NHANES 2013-2014 cycle, including 1,135 participants. Multiple regression models, Bayesian kernel regression (BKMR), and quantile g calculation (QGC) were employed to assess the association between individual and mixed terpene exposure and metabolic syndrome. Additionally, a mediation analysis was performed to explore potential biological pathways mediated by inflammation, using the Advanced Cancer Inflammation Index as a metric.ResultsThe regression analysis indicated a positive association between exposure to limonene and metabolic syndrome (OR (95%):1.74(1.17, 2.57), p=0.005). The BKMR regression and the QGC model showed a positive association between exposure to mixed terpenes and the increased risk of metabolic syndrome (p=0.001). Subgroup analyses within the BKMR revealed significant positive trends among males, individuals under 60, and the overweight groups. Furthermore, exposure to mixed terpenes exhibited positive trends with lower HDL levels(p<0.000). The Advanced Cancer Inflammation Index was identified as a potential mediator of the positive correlation between α-pinene, β-pinene, and metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsThis study suggests that exposure to both individual and mixed terpenes may increase risk of developing metabolic syndrome. However, further longitudinal studies are imperative to establish causality between terpene compounds and the risk of metabolic syndrome. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2935f25242c94d17b68d7bef07cd2b47 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-2935f25242c94d17b68d7bef07cd2b472025-08-20T03:53:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-05-011610.3389/fendo.2025.15517841551784Association between exposure to terpene compounds and risk of metabolic syndrome: exploring the potential mediating role of inflammatory responseJiyu Nie0Jiyu Nie1Zhizhuo Huang2Zhizhuo Huang3Lin Wen4Lin Wen5Lin Wen6Haiying Li7Haiying Li8Qianqian Xie9Qianqian Xie10Houchun Wang11Zhengtian Lai12Zhengtian Lai13Chuhang Lin14Chuhang Lin15Chunxia Jing16Chunxia Jing17Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Medical Records, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaBackgroundTerpenes are potentially harmful substances that are associated with endocrine disruption due to their ability to produce oxidizers, aldehydes, and secondary aerosol particles. However, the exact association between terpenoids and metabolic syndrome remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the relationship between individual and mixed exposure to terpene compounds and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.MethodsWe utilized data from the NHANES 2013-2014 cycle, including 1,135 participants. Multiple regression models, Bayesian kernel regression (BKMR), and quantile g calculation (QGC) were employed to assess the association between individual and mixed terpene exposure and metabolic syndrome. Additionally, a mediation analysis was performed to explore potential biological pathways mediated by inflammation, using the Advanced Cancer Inflammation Index as a metric.ResultsThe regression analysis indicated a positive association between exposure to limonene and metabolic syndrome (OR (95%):1.74(1.17, 2.57), p=0.005). The BKMR regression and the QGC model showed a positive association between exposure to mixed terpenes and the increased risk of metabolic syndrome (p=0.001). Subgroup analyses within the BKMR revealed significant positive trends among males, individuals under 60, and the overweight groups. Furthermore, exposure to mixed terpenes exhibited positive trends with lower HDL levels(p<0.000). The Advanced Cancer Inflammation Index was identified as a potential mediator of the positive correlation between α-pinene, β-pinene, and metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsThis study suggests that exposure to both individual and mixed terpenes may increase risk of developing metabolic syndrome. However, further longitudinal studies are imperative to establish causality between terpene compounds and the risk of metabolic syndrome.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1551784/fullterpenemetabolic syndrome (MetS)mixed exposureBKMRQGC |
| spellingShingle | Jiyu Nie Jiyu Nie Zhizhuo Huang Zhizhuo Huang Lin Wen Lin Wen Lin Wen Haiying Li Haiying Li Qianqian Xie Qianqian Xie Houchun Wang Zhengtian Lai Zhengtian Lai Chuhang Lin Chuhang Lin Chunxia Jing Chunxia Jing Association between exposure to terpene compounds and risk of metabolic syndrome: exploring the potential mediating role of inflammatory response Frontiers in Endocrinology terpene metabolic syndrome (MetS) mixed exposure BKMR QGC |
| title | Association between exposure to terpene compounds and risk of metabolic syndrome: exploring the potential mediating role of inflammatory response |
| title_full | Association between exposure to terpene compounds and risk of metabolic syndrome: exploring the potential mediating role of inflammatory response |
| title_fullStr | Association between exposure to terpene compounds and risk of metabolic syndrome: exploring the potential mediating role of inflammatory response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between exposure to terpene compounds and risk of metabolic syndrome: exploring the potential mediating role of inflammatory response |
| title_short | Association between exposure to terpene compounds and risk of metabolic syndrome: exploring the potential mediating role of inflammatory response |
| title_sort | association between exposure to terpene compounds and risk of metabolic syndrome exploring the potential mediating role of inflammatory response |
| topic | terpene metabolic syndrome (MetS) mixed exposure BKMR QGC |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1551784/full |
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