Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition

The aim of this article is to assess the sale structure impact of selected, popular brands of passenger vehicles on total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the context of the energy transition in the transport sector. A detailed analysis was conducted of the projected sales of gasoline-, diese...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Olga Orynycz, Ondrej Stopka, Anna Borucka, Ewa Kulesza, Jerzy Merkisz, Petr Kolařík
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3313
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849467233387937792
author Olga Orynycz
Ondrej Stopka
Anna Borucka
Ewa Kulesza
Jerzy Merkisz
Petr Kolařík
author_facet Olga Orynycz
Ondrej Stopka
Anna Borucka
Ewa Kulesza
Jerzy Merkisz
Petr Kolařík
author_sort Olga Orynycz
collection DOAJ
description The aim of this article is to assess the sale structure impact of selected, popular brands of passenger vehicles on total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the context of the energy transition in the transport sector. A detailed analysis was conducted of the projected sales of gasoline-, diesel-, hybrid-, as well as electric-powered vehicles over the years 2021–2028. Based on the available empirical data, a mathematical model was developed to estimate emissions over the entire life cycle of vehicles, taking into account the unit carbon footprint of each type of drivetrain and the expected number of vehicles sold. The results indicate a gradual decline in total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the analyzed period, mainly due to the increasing share of alternative drivetrains. Despite the growth in electric vehicle sales, their impact on emission reductions remains limited due to the long lifespan of conventional vehicle fleets. The article concludes with a proposal to expand the LCA model to include regional, energy, and recycling components, which could help in formulating more effective climate policies.
format Article
id doaj-art-2928a9825b5a4af794ca6c2098079c6a
institution Kabale University
issn 1996-1073
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Energies
spelling doaj-art-2928a9825b5a4af794ca6c2098079c6a2025-08-20T03:28:25ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011813331310.3390/en18133313Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy TransitionOlga Orynycz0Ondrej Stopka1Anna Borucka2Ewa Kulesza3Jerzy Merkisz4Petr Kolařík5Department of Production Management, Faculty of Engineering Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Street 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Transport and Logistics, Faculty of Technology, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicFaculty of Security, Logistics and Management, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Street 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandFaculty of Civil Engineering and Transport, Poznań University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Transport and Logistics, Faculty of Technology, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicThe aim of this article is to assess the sale structure impact of selected, popular brands of passenger vehicles on total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the context of the energy transition in the transport sector. A detailed analysis was conducted of the projected sales of gasoline-, diesel-, hybrid-, as well as electric-powered vehicles over the years 2021–2028. Based on the available empirical data, a mathematical model was developed to estimate emissions over the entire life cycle of vehicles, taking into account the unit carbon footprint of each type of drivetrain and the expected number of vehicles sold. The results indicate a gradual decline in total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the analyzed period, mainly due to the increasing share of alternative drivetrains. Despite the growth in electric vehicle sales, their impact on emission reductions remains limited due to the long lifespan of conventional vehicle fleets. The article concludes with a proposal to expand the LCA model to include regional, energy, and recycling components, which could help in formulating more effective climate policies.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3313CO<sub>2</sub> emissionssale forecastlife cycle analysis (LCA)energy transitionelectric drivetrainhybrid vehicle
spellingShingle Olga Orynycz
Ondrej Stopka
Anna Borucka
Ewa Kulesza
Jerzy Merkisz
Petr Kolařík
Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition
Energies
CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
sale forecast
life cycle analysis (LCA)
energy transition
electric drivetrain
hybrid vehicle
title Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition
title_full Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition
title_fullStr Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition
title_short Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition
title_sort sustainable mobility and emissions the role of the sale structure in the automotive energy transition
topic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
sale forecast
life cycle analysis (LCA)
energy transition
electric drivetrain
hybrid vehicle
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3313
work_keys_str_mv AT olgaorynycz sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition
AT ondrejstopka sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition
AT annaborucka sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition
AT ewakulesza sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition
AT jerzymerkisz sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition
AT petrkolarik sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition