Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition
The aim of this article is to assess the sale structure impact of selected, popular brands of passenger vehicles on total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the context of the energy transition in the transport sector. A detailed analysis was conducted of the projected sales of gasoline-, diese...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3313 |
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| author | Olga Orynycz Ondrej Stopka Anna Borucka Ewa Kulesza Jerzy Merkisz Petr Kolařík |
| author_facet | Olga Orynycz Ondrej Stopka Anna Borucka Ewa Kulesza Jerzy Merkisz Petr Kolařík |
| author_sort | Olga Orynycz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this article is to assess the sale structure impact of selected, popular brands of passenger vehicles on total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the context of the energy transition in the transport sector. A detailed analysis was conducted of the projected sales of gasoline-, diesel-, hybrid-, as well as electric-powered vehicles over the years 2021–2028. Based on the available empirical data, a mathematical model was developed to estimate emissions over the entire life cycle of vehicles, taking into account the unit carbon footprint of each type of drivetrain and the expected number of vehicles sold. The results indicate a gradual decline in total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the analyzed period, mainly due to the increasing share of alternative drivetrains. Despite the growth in electric vehicle sales, their impact on emission reductions remains limited due to the long lifespan of conventional vehicle fleets. The article concludes with a proposal to expand the LCA model to include regional, energy, and recycling components, which could help in formulating more effective climate policies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2928a9825b5a4af794ca6c2098079c6a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-2928a9825b5a4af794ca6c2098079c6a2025-08-20T03:28:25ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011813331310.3390/en18133313Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy TransitionOlga Orynycz0Ondrej Stopka1Anna Borucka2Ewa Kulesza3Jerzy Merkisz4Petr Kolařík5Department of Production Management, Faculty of Engineering Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Street 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Transport and Logistics, Faculty of Technology, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicFaculty of Security, Logistics and Management, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska Street 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandFaculty of Civil Engineering and Transport, Poznań University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Transport and Logistics, Faculty of Technology, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicThe aim of this article is to assess the sale structure impact of selected, popular brands of passenger vehicles on total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the context of the energy transition in the transport sector. A detailed analysis was conducted of the projected sales of gasoline-, diesel-, hybrid-, as well as electric-powered vehicles over the years 2021–2028. Based on the available empirical data, a mathematical model was developed to estimate emissions over the entire life cycle of vehicles, taking into account the unit carbon footprint of each type of drivetrain and the expected number of vehicles sold. The results indicate a gradual decline in total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the analyzed period, mainly due to the increasing share of alternative drivetrains. Despite the growth in electric vehicle sales, their impact on emission reductions remains limited due to the long lifespan of conventional vehicle fleets. The article concludes with a proposal to expand the LCA model to include regional, energy, and recycling components, which could help in formulating more effective climate policies.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3313CO<sub>2</sub> emissionssale forecastlife cycle analysis (LCA)energy transitionelectric drivetrainhybrid vehicle |
| spellingShingle | Olga Orynycz Ondrej Stopka Anna Borucka Ewa Kulesza Jerzy Merkisz Petr Kolařík Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition Energies CO<sub>2</sub> emissions sale forecast life cycle analysis (LCA) energy transition electric drivetrain hybrid vehicle |
| title | Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition |
| title_full | Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition |
| title_short | Sustainable Mobility and Emissions: The Role of the Sale Structure in the Automotive Energy Transition |
| title_sort | sustainable mobility and emissions the role of the sale structure in the automotive energy transition |
| topic | CO<sub>2</sub> emissions sale forecast life cycle analysis (LCA) energy transition electric drivetrain hybrid vehicle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3313 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT olgaorynycz sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition AT ondrejstopka sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition AT annaborucka sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition AT ewakulesza sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition AT jerzymerkisz sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition AT petrkolarik sustainablemobilityandemissionstheroleofthesalestructureintheautomotiveenergytransition |