FURTOS DE FONTES DE RADIAÇÃO E SEUS IMPACTOS: APLICAÇÃO DE CONCEITOS DE RADIOQUÍMICA/QUÍMICA NUCLEAR E SEUS DESDOBRAMENTOS PARA A SOCIEDADE

Terms such as alpha and beta particles, positrons, activity and dose are covered in Nuclear Chemistry and Radiochemistry and are not normally part of the curricula of undergraduate chemistry courses in Brazil. The main types of nuclear radiation consist of the emission of alpha, beta particles and g...

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Main Authors: Hector H. S. Medrado, Rodrigo G. de Souza Gois, Gildo R. S. Ferreira, Carlos Alberto de Carvalho Filho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Química 2025-07-01
Series:Química Nova
Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-40422025000701103&lng=pt&tlng=pt
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Summary:Terms such as alpha and beta particles, positrons, activity and dose are covered in Nuclear Chemistry and Radiochemistry and are not normally part of the curricula of undergraduate chemistry courses in Brazil. The main types of nuclear radiation consist of the emission of alpha, beta particles and gamma rays, and these radiations depend on the charge, mass and kinetic energy. Quantities such as activity, half-life and specific activity are used to describe radioactive sources meanwhile absorbed dose, effective dose and coefficient dose are important for measuring the radiation damage. In this paper, these concepts were applied to build up the radionuclide-activity-exposure triad, a systematic tool to evaluate stolen radiation sources events occurred in Brazil. The accident with Cs-137 occurred in Goiânia in 1987 was classified as serious because it is a βand γ-emitting radionuclide with a low half-life and moderate specific activity, a source with high activity and exposure occurred through ingestion and inhalation. The incidents occurred in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Nazareno (MG) and São Paulo (SP) did not result in casualties because the activities of the sources were low and the shields were not breached, which did not result in exposures through inhalation or ingestion.
ISSN:1678-7064