Particle Size-Dependent Monthly Variation of Pollution Load, Ecological Risk, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Road Dust in Beijing, China
Road dust carries various contaminants and causes urban non-point source pollution in waterbodies through runoff. Road dust samples were collected in each month in two years and then sieved into five particle size fractions. The concentrations of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn,...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/40 |
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| author | Cong Men Donghui Li Yunqi Jing Ke Xiong Jiayao Liu Shikun Cheng Zifu Li |
| author_facet | Cong Men Donghui Li Yunqi Jing Ke Xiong Jiayao Liu Shikun Cheng Zifu Li |
| author_sort | Cong Men |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Road dust carries various contaminants and causes urban non-point source pollution in waterbodies through runoff. Road dust samples were collected in each month in two years and then sieved into five particle size fractions. The concentrations of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe) in each fraction were measured. The particle size fraction load index, coefficient of divergence, and Nemerow integrated risk index were used to analyze the temporal variation of pollution load and ecological risk in different particle size fractions. The advanced three-way model and wavelet analysis were used in quantitative identification and time-series analysis of sources. Results showed that both the pollution load and ecological risk of most heavy metals showed a decreasing trend from the finest fraction (P1) to the coarsest fraction (P5). The frequency of heavy metals in P1 posing extreme risk was about two times that of P5. Main types of heavy metal sources were similar among different fractions, whereas the impact intensity of these sources varied among different fractions. Traffic exhaust tended to accumulate in finer particles, and its contribution to Cu in P5 was only 35–55% of that in other fractions. Construction contributed more to coarser particles, and its contribution to Pb was increased from 45.34% in P1 to 65.35% in P5. Wavelet analysis indicated that traffic exhaust showed periodicities of 5–8 and 10–13 months. Fuel combustion displayed the strongest periodicity of 12–15 months, peaking in winter. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2921730efb4a4a73804abbd822802d7a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-2921730efb4a4a73804abbd822802d7a2025-01-24T13:51:01ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-01-011314010.3390/toxics13010040Particle Size-Dependent Monthly Variation of Pollution Load, Ecological Risk, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Road Dust in Beijing, ChinaCong Men0Donghui Li1Yunqi Jing2Ke Xiong3Jiayao Liu4Shikun Cheng5Zifu Li6Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaRoad dust carries various contaminants and causes urban non-point source pollution in waterbodies through runoff. Road dust samples were collected in each month in two years and then sieved into five particle size fractions. The concentrations of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe) in each fraction were measured. The particle size fraction load index, coefficient of divergence, and Nemerow integrated risk index were used to analyze the temporal variation of pollution load and ecological risk in different particle size fractions. The advanced three-way model and wavelet analysis were used in quantitative identification and time-series analysis of sources. Results showed that both the pollution load and ecological risk of most heavy metals showed a decreasing trend from the finest fraction (P1) to the coarsest fraction (P5). The frequency of heavy metals in P1 posing extreme risk was about two times that of P5. Main types of heavy metal sources were similar among different fractions, whereas the impact intensity of these sources varied among different fractions. Traffic exhaust tended to accumulate in finer particles, and its contribution to Cu in P5 was only 35–55% of that in other fractions. Construction contributed more to coarser particles, and its contribution to Pb was increased from 45.34% in P1 to 65.35% in P5. Wavelet analysis indicated that traffic exhaust showed periodicities of 5–8 and 10–13 months. Fuel combustion displayed the strongest periodicity of 12–15 months, peaking in winter.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/40heavy metalroad dustsource apportionmenttemporal variationrisk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Cong Men Donghui Li Yunqi Jing Ke Xiong Jiayao Liu Shikun Cheng Zifu Li Particle Size-Dependent Monthly Variation of Pollution Load, Ecological Risk, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Road Dust in Beijing, China Toxics heavy metal road dust source apportionment temporal variation risk assessment |
| title | Particle Size-Dependent Monthly Variation of Pollution Load, Ecological Risk, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Road Dust in Beijing, China |
| title_full | Particle Size-Dependent Monthly Variation of Pollution Load, Ecological Risk, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Road Dust in Beijing, China |
| title_fullStr | Particle Size-Dependent Monthly Variation of Pollution Load, Ecological Risk, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Road Dust in Beijing, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Particle Size-Dependent Monthly Variation of Pollution Load, Ecological Risk, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Road Dust in Beijing, China |
| title_short | Particle Size-Dependent Monthly Variation of Pollution Load, Ecological Risk, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Road Dust in Beijing, China |
| title_sort | particle size dependent monthly variation of pollution load ecological risk and sources of heavy metals in road dust in beijing china |
| topic | heavy metal road dust source apportionment temporal variation risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/40 |
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