A quantum leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron and network

Abstract Quantum machine learning is in a period of rapid development and discovery, however it still lacks the resources and diversity of computational models of its classical complement. With the growing difficulties of classical models requiring extreme hardware and power solutions, and quantum m...

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Main Authors: Dean Brand, Francesco Petruccione
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:npj Quantum Information
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00921-x
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author Dean Brand
Francesco Petruccione
author_facet Dean Brand
Francesco Petruccione
author_sort Dean Brand
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Quantum machine learning is in a period of rapid development and discovery, however it still lacks the resources and diversity of computational models of its classical complement. With the growing difficulties of classical models requiring extreme hardware and power solutions, and quantum models being limited by noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware, there is an emerging opportunity to solve both problems together. Here we introduce a new software model for quantum neuromorphic computing — a quantum leaky integrate-and-fire (QLIF) neuron, implemented as a compact high-fidelity quantum circuit, requiring only 2 rotation gates and no CNOT gates. We use these neurons as building blocks in the construction of a quantum spiking neural network (QSNN), and a quantum spiking convolutional neural network (QSCNN), as the first of their kind. We apply these models to the MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and KMNIST datasets for a full comparison with other classical and quantum models. We find that the proposed models perform competitively, with comparative accuracy, with efficient scaling and fast computation in classical simulation as well as on quantum devices.
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spelling doaj-art-291a0891c0af44838b821d12ff0dfd2b2024-12-08T12:39:12ZengNature Portfolionpj Quantum Information2056-63872024-12-011011810.1038/s41534-024-00921-xA quantum leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron and networkDean Brand0Francesco Petruccione1Department of Physics and School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch UniversityDepartment of Physics and School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch UniversityAbstract Quantum machine learning is in a period of rapid development and discovery, however it still lacks the resources and diversity of computational models of its classical complement. With the growing difficulties of classical models requiring extreme hardware and power solutions, and quantum models being limited by noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware, there is an emerging opportunity to solve both problems together. Here we introduce a new software model for quantum neuromorphic computing — a quantum leaky integrate-and-fire (QLIF) neuron, implemented as a compact high-fidelity quantum circuit, requiring only 2 rotation gates and no CNOT gates. We use these neurons as building blocks in the construction of a quantum spiking neural network (QSNN), and a quantum spiking convolutional neural network (QSCNN), as the first of their kind. We apply these models to the MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and KMNIST datasets for a full comparison with other classical and quantum models. We find that the proposed models perform competitively, with comparative accuracy, with efficient scaling and fast computation in classical simulation as well as on quantum devices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00921-x
spellingShingle Dean Brand
Francesco Petruccione
A quantum leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron and network
npj Quantum Information
title A quantum leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron and network
title_full A quantum leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron and network
title_fullStr A quantum leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron and network
title_full_unstemmed A quantum leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron and network
title_short A quantum leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron and network
title_sort quantum leaky integrate and fire spiking neuron and network
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00921-x
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