The Interplay of the Mammalian Brain and Thyroid Hormones, and the Threat of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

<b>Introduction:</b> During the formation of neural circuits, the developing brain demonstrates extraordinary plasticity, heavily influenced by hormones. These chemical messengers interact with specific receptors to regulate vital physiological functions. The thyroid gland plays a pivota...

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Main Authors: Nuha Ahmad Dsouki, Bruno Fiorelini Pereira, Roberta Goes da Silva, Vinicius Gonçalves Rodrigues, Rafaella da Silva Brito, Marina Malta Letro Kizys, Maria Izabel Chiamolera, Rui Monteiro Maciel, Caroline Serrano-Nascimento, Gisele Giannocco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Endocrines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-396X/5/4/36
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author Nuha Ahmad Dsouki
Bruno Fiorelini Pereira
Roberta Goes da Silva
Vinicius Gonçalves Rodrigues
Rafaella da Silva Brito
Marina Malta Letro Kizys
Maria Izabel Chiamolera
Rui Monteiro Maciel
Caroline Serrano-Nascimento
Gisele Giannocco
author_facet Nuha Ahmad Dsouki
Bruno Fiorelini Pereira
Roberta Goes da Silva
Vinicius Gonçalves Rodrigues
Rafaella da Silva Brito
Marina Malta Letro Kizys
Maria Izabel Chiamolera
Rui Monteiro Maciel
Caroline Serrano-Nascimento
Gisele Giannocco
author_sort Nuha Ahmad Dsouki
collection DOAJ
description <b>Introduction:</b> During the formation of neural circuits, the developing brain demonstrates extraordinary plasticity, heavily influenced by hormones. These chemical messengers interact with specific receptors to regulate vital physiological functions. The thyroid gland plays a pivotal role in maintaining hormonal balance and guiding brain development. However, emerging threats like endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with this intricate system. EDCs are exogenous substances that can mimic, enhance, or block the actions of endogenous hormones, disrupting hormonal signaling in the brain at various developmental stages. Exposure can impair cognitive function and behavior due to disruptions in thyroid function. Studies indicate that mixtures of EDCs negatively impact brain development, leading to lower IQ and behavioral problems. Reducing EDC exposure through regulations and public awareness is crucial, and further research is needed to elucidate their mechanisms. <b>Conclusions:</b> Protecting vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and children, is essential through prompt regulatory measures.
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series Endocrines
spelling doaj-art-29084353c97c4703b2ecf5ec43a9d7dd2025-08-20T02:43:29ZengMDPI AGEndocrines2673-396X2024-10-015450151510.3390/endocrines5040036The Interplay of the Mammalian Brain and Thyroid Hormones, and the Threat of Endocrine-Disrupting ChemicalsNuha Ahmad Dsouki0Bruno Fiorelini Pereira1Roberta Goes da Silva2Vinicius Gonçalves Rodrigues3Rafaella da Silva Brito4Marina Malta Letro Kizys5Maria Izabel Chiamolera6Rui Monteiro Maciel7Caroline Serrano-Nascimento8Gisele Giannocco9Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil<b>Introduction:</b> During the formation of neural circuits, the developing brain demonstrates extraordinary plasticity, heavily influenced by hormones. These chemical messengers interact with specific receptors to regulate vital physiological functions. The thyroid gland plays a pivotal role in maintaining hormonal balance and guiding brain development. However, emerging threats like endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with this intricate system. EDCs are exogenous substances that can mimic, enhance, or block the actions of endogenous hormones, disrupting hormonal signaling in the brain at various developmental stages. Exposure can impair cognitive function and behavior due to disruptions in thyroid function. Studies indicate that mixtures of EDCs negatively impact brain development, leading to lower IQ and behavioral problems. Reducing EDC exposure through regulations and public awareness is crucial, and further research is needed to elucidate their mechanisms. <b>Conclusions:</b> Protecting vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and children, is essential through prompt regulatory measures.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-396X/5/4/36mammal brainthyroid hormonesendocrine-disrupting chemicals
spellingShingle Nuha Ahmad Dsouki
Bruno Fiorelini Pereira
Roberta Goes da Silva
Vinicius Gonçalves Rodrigues
Rafaella da Silva Brito
Marina Malta Letro Kizys
Maria Izabel Chiamolera
Rui Monteiro Maciel
Caroline Serrano-Nascimento
Gisele Giannocco
The Interplay of the Mammalian Brain and Thyroid Hormones, and the Threat of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Endocrines
mammal brain
thyroid hormones
endocrine-disrupting chemicals
title The Interplay of the Mammalian Brain and Thyroid Hormones, and the Threat of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
title_full The Interplay of the Mammalian Brain and Thyroid Hormones, and the Threat of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
title_fullStr The Interplay of the Mammalian Brain and Thyroid Hormones, and the Threat of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
title_full_unstemmed The Interplay of the Mammalian Brain and Thyroid Hormones, and the Threat of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
title_short The Interplay of the Mammalian Brain and Thyroid Hormones, and the Threat of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
title_sort interplay of the mammalian brain and thyroid hormones and the threat of endocrine disrupting chemicals
topic mammal brain
thyroid hormones
endocrine-disrupting chemicals
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-396X/5/4/36
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