Species distribution model performance improves when habitat characterizations are centered on detected individuals instead of observers

Species distribution models (SDMs) link species occurrence to environmental characteristics to predict suitable habitats beyond known occurrences. The conventional procedure to fit SDMs for individual organisms detected at some distance away from observers is to characterize species’ associated habi...

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Main Authors: Fang-Yu Shen, Fiona Victoria Stanley Jothiraj, Rebecca A. Hutchinson, Tyler A. Hallman, Jenna R. Curtis, W. Douglas Robinson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Ecological Indicators
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25004765
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author Fang-Yu Shen
Fiona Victoria Stanley Jothiraj
Rebecca A. Hutchinson
Tyler A. Hallman
Jenna R. Curtis
W. Douglas Robinson
author_facet Fang-Yu Shen
Fiona Victoria Stanley Jothiraj
Rebecca A. Hutchinson
Tyler A. Hallman
Jenna R. Curtis
W. Douglas Robinson
author_sort Fang-Yu Shen
collection DOAJ
description Species distribution models (SDMs) link species occurrence to environmental characteristics to predict suitable habitats beyond known occurrences. The conventional procedure to fit SDMs for individual organisms detected at some distance away from observers is to characterize species’ associated habitat based on observer’s survey location. However, each surveyed individual may be detected in habitats distinct from those where observers are located. Here, we compared environmental variables centered on the observer and individual bird locations and the consequent effects on SDMs performance. We utilized remote sensing data on observer- and bird-locations to characterize habitat at three radii (pixel radius: 30-m; fixed radius: 100-m; species-specific effective detection radius). We trained Poisson boosted regression tree models for 105 bird species from structured professional surveys. We evaluated models’ predictability with Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient and used linear mixed-effect models to measure the effect of characterization locations and radii. Models based on bird locations exhibited a median increase of 22.9% in predictive performance, demonstrating higher Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients than those based on observer locations, leading to more reliable prediction maps. SDMs of habitat specialists and generalists performed better when habitat characterization was centered on bird instead of surveyor locations. A higher percentage of habitat specialists (72%) than generalists (55%) showed better model performance in bird-location than in observer-location models. Across radii, fixed radius generally performed better than species-specific effective and pixel radii. Our findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing habitat characterizations based on detected individuals’ locations to enhance model performance and improve species distribution predictions.
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spelling doaj-art-28fd91bd8b3a4b7bb08a5321fc29f70b2025-08-20T02:07:27ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2025-07-0117611354610.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113546Species distribution model performance improves when habitat characterizations are centered on detected individuals instead of observersFang-Yu Shen0Fiona Victoria Stanley Jothiraj1Rebecca A. Hutchinson2Tyler A. Hallman3Jenna R. Curtis4W. Douglas Robinson5Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Corresponding author.School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USADepartment of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USADepartment of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UKDepartment of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USADepartment of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USASpecies distribution models (SDMs) link species occurrence to environmental characteristics to predict suitable habitats beyond known occurrences. The conventional procedure to fit SDMs for individual organisms detected at some distance away from observers is to characterize species’ associated habitat based on observer’s survey location. However, each surveyed individual may be detected in habitats distinct from those where observers are located. Here, we compared environmental variables centered on the observer and individual bird locations and the consequent effects on SDMs performance. We utilized remote sensing data on observer- and bird-locations to characterize habitat at three radii (pixel radius: 30-m; fixed radius: 100-m; species-specific effective detection radius). We trained Poisson boosted regression tree models for 105 bird species from structured professional surveys. We evaluated models’ predictability with Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient and used linear mixed-effect models to measure the effect of characterization locations and radii. Models based on bird locations exhibited a median increase of 22.9% in predictive performance, demonstrating higher Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients than those based on observer locations, leading to more reliable prediction maps. SDMs of habitat specialists and generalists performed better when habitat characterization was centered on bird instead of surveyor locations. A higher percentage of habitat specialists (72%) than generalists (55%) showed better model performance in bird-location than in observer-location models. Across radii, fixed radius generally performed better than species-specific effective and pixel radii. Our findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing habitat characterizations based on detected individuals’ locations to enhance model performance and improve species distribution predictions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25004765SpecialistModel performanceAbundancePositional errorLandsatEffective detection radius
spellingShingle Fang-Yu Shen
Fiona Victoria Stanley Jothiraj
Rebecca A. Hutchinson
Tyler A. Hallman
Jenna R. Curtis
W. Douglas Robinson
Species distribution model performance improves when habitat characterizations are centered on detected individuals instead of observers
Ecological Indicators
Specialist
Model performance
Abundance
Positional error
Landsat
Effective detection radius
title Species distribution model performance improves when habitat characterizations are centered on detected individuals instead of observers
title_full Species distribution model performance improves when habitat characterizations are centered on detected individuals instead of observers
title_fullStr Species distribution model performance improves when habitat characterizations are centered on detected individuals instead of observers
title_full_unstemmed Species distribution model performance improves when habitat characterizations are centered on detected individuals instead of observers
title_short Species distribution model performance improves when habitat characterizations are centered on detected individuals instead of observers
title_sort species distribution model performance improves when habitat characterizations are centered on detected individuals instead of observers
topic Specialist
Model performance
Abundance
Positional error
Landsat
Effective detection radius
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25004765
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