Rock Art and Hunter–Gatherer Landscapes: Iconography, Cosmology and Topography in Southern Africa

Landscape studies of hunter–gatherer rock art often suffer from logical flaws. Some of these failings stem from the founding question that researchers ask: “Why do some places have images while others do not?” This question is misleading and not particularly helpful in some—but not all—contexts wher...

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Main Authors: Geoffrey Blundell, Ghilraen Laue
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Arts
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0752/14/1/15
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author Geoffrey Blundell
Ghilraen Laue
author_facet Geoffrey Blundell
Ghilraen Laue
author_sort Geoffrey Blundell
collection DOAJ
description Landscape studies of hunter–gatherer rock art often suffer from logical flaws. Some of these failings stem from the founding question that researchers ask: “Why do some places have images while others do not?” This question is misleading and not particularly helpful in some—but not all—contexts where there is no direct ethnographic evidence to provide an answer. Instead, we suggest that a better question from which to begin is: “How are rock art images related to landscape?”. To answer this question, we examine the relationship between iconography, cosmology and topography in two areas of southern African San rock painting. We argue that cosmology guided iconography and that the imagery, in turn, manipulated topography into landscape for the San. In this view, we do not need to rely on cognitive templates that invest topography a priori with significance that then determines the choice of locale for art. Instead, landscape for the San was socially and symbolically constructed through the placement of imagery.
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spelling doaj-art-28f3bc5eff6e41f89748ebf589c5fda12025-08-20T02:44:43ZengMDPI AGArts2076-07522025-02-011411510.3390/arts14010015Rock Art and Hunter–Gatherer Landscapes: Iconography, Cosmology and Topography in Southern AfricaGeoffrey Blundell0Ghilraen Laue1Department of Human Sciences, KwaZulu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South AfricaDepartment of Human Sciences, KwaZulu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South AfricaLandscape studies of hunter–gatherer rock art often suffer from logical flaws. Some of these failings stem from the founding question that researchers ask: “Why do some places have images while others do not?” This question is misleading and not particularly helpful in some—but not all—contexts where there is no direct ethnographic evidence to provide an answer. Instead, we suggest that a better question from which to begin is: “How are rock art images related to landscape?”. To answer this question, we examine the relationship between iconography, cosmology and topography in two areas of southern African San rock painting. We argue that cosmology guided iconography and that the imagery, in turn, manipulated topography into landscape for the San. In this view, we do not need to rely on cognitive templates that invest topography a priori with significance that then determines the choice of locale for art. Instead, landscape for the San was socially and symbolically constructed through the placement of imagery.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0752/14/1/15rock artlandscapehunter-gatherersSansouthern Africa
spellingShingle Geoffrey Blundell
Ghilraen Laue
Rock Art and Hunter–Gatherer Landscapes: Iconography, Cosmology and Topography in Southern Africa
Arts
rock art
landscape
hunter-gatherers
San
southern Africa
title Rock Art and Hunter–Gatherer Landscapes: Iconography, Cosmology and Topography in Southern Africa
title_full Rock Art and Hunter–Gatherer Landscapes: Iconography, Cosmology and Topography in Southern Africa
title_fullStr Rock Art and Hunter–Gatherer Landscapes: Iconography, Cosmology and Topography in Southern Africa
title_full_unstemmed Rock Art and Hunter–Gatherer Landscapes: Iconography, Cosmology and Topography in Southern Africa
title_short Rock Art and Hunter–Gatherer Landscapes: Iconography, Cosmology and Topography in Southern Africa
title_sort rock art and hunter gatherer landscapes iconography cosmology and topography in southern africa
topic rock art
landscape
hunter-gatherers
San
southern Africa
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0752/14/1/15
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AT ghilraenlaue rockartandhuntergathererlandscapesiconographycosmologyandtopographyinsouthernafrica