A Rapid and Complete Photodegradation of Doxycycline Using rGO@CuO Nanocomposite Under Visible and Direct Sunlight: Mechanistic Insights and Real-Time Applicability

In this study, a simple and efficient hydrothermal strategy was developed to modify reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles by varying the weight ratio of rGO relative to CuO (rGO@CuO<sub>1:1</sub>, rGO@CuO<sub>1:2</sub>, and rGO@CuO<sub>...

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Main Authors: Panchraj Verma, Subrata Das, Shubham Raj, Raphaël Schneider
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/13/953
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author Panchraj Verma
Subrata Das
Shubham Raj
Raphaël Schneider
author_facet Panchraj Verma
Subrata Das
Shubham Raj
Raphaël Schneider
author_sort Panchraj Verma
collection DOAJ
description In this study, a simple and efficient hydrothermal strategy was developed to modify reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles by varying the weight ratio of rGO relative to CuO (rGO@CuO<sub>1:1</sub>, rGO@CuO<sub>1:2</sub>, and rGO@CuO<sub>2:1</sub>). The obtained materials were further characterized using analytical tools. Photocatalytic performance was assessed using adsorption–photocatalysis experiments under a household LED light source (10 W, λ > 400 nm), and the degree of degradation of doxycycline (DOX) was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest efficiency of 100% was achieved with a DOX concentration of 70 ppm, rGO@CuO<sub>1:1</sub> dosage of 1 mg/mL, and pH 7 within 30 min of irradiation. The degradation kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order model (R<sup>2</sup> ~0.99) and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating that DOX on the surface is governed by a dynamic equilibrium between adsorption and degradation rates. Furthermore, efficacy was tested using real water samples, and the recyclability of the catalyst was evaluated in up to five cycles.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2079-4991
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Nanomaterials
spelling doaj-art-28ddb6d6debb4a8dbab64f4c4c04d8fc2025-08-20T03:28:32ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-06-01151395310.3390/nano15130953A Rapid and Complete Photodegradation of Doxycycline Using rGO@CuO Nanocomposite Under Visible and Direct Sunlight: Mechanistic Insights and Real-Time ApplicabilityPanchraj Verma0Subrata Das1Shubham Raj2Raphaël Schneider3Applied Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 800005, IndiaApplied Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 800005, IndiaApplied Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 800005, IndiaLRGP, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, FranceIn this study, a simple and efficient hydrothermal strategy was developed to modify reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles by varying the weight ratio of rGO relative to CuO (rGO@CuO<sub>1:1</sub>, rGO@CuO<sub>1:2</sub>, and rGO@CuO<sub>2:1</sub>). The obtained materials were further characterized using analytical tools. Photocatalytic performance was assessed using adsorption–photocatalysis experiments under a household LED light source (10 W, λ > 400 nm), and the degree of degradation of doxycycline (DOX) was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest efficiency of 100% was achieved with a DOX concentration of 70 ppm, rGO@CuO<sub>1:1</sub> dosage of 1 mg/mL, and pH 7 within 30 min of irradiation. The degradation kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order model (R<sup>2</sup> ~0.99) and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating that DOX on the surface is governed by a dynamic equilibrium between adsorption and degradation rates. Furthermore, efficacy was tested using real water samples, and the recyclability of the catalyst was evaluated in up to five cycles.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/13/953hydrothermalgraphenevisible lightcomplete degradation
spellingShingle Panchraj Verma
Subrata Das
Shubham Raj
Raphaël Schneider
A Rapid and Complete Photodegradation of Doxycycline Using rGO@CuO Nanocomposite Under Visible and Direct Sunlight: Mechanistic Insights and Real-Time Applicability
Nanomaterials
hydrothermal
graphene
visible light
complete degradation
title A Rapid and Complete Photodegradation of Doxycycline Using rGO@CuO Nanocomposite Under Visible and Direct Sunlight: Mechanistic Insights and Real-Time Applicability
title_full A Rapid and Complete Photodegradation of Doxycycline Using rGO@CuO Nanocomposite Under Visible and Direct Sunlight: Mechanistic Insights and Real-Time Applicability
title_fullStr A Rapid and Complete Photodegradation of Doxycycline Using rGO@CuO Nanocomposite Under Visible and Direct Sunlight: Mechanistic Insights and Real-Time Applicability
title_full_unstemmed A Rapid and Complete Photodegradation of Doxycycline Using rGO@CuO Nanocomposite Under Visible and Direct Sunlight: Mechanistic Insights and Real-Time Applicability
title_short A Rapid and Complete Photodegradation of Doxycycline Using rGO@CuO Nanocomposite Under Visible and Direct Sunlight: Mechanistic Insights and Real-Time Applicability
title_sort rapid and complete photodegradation of doxycycline using rgo cuo nanocomposite under visible and direct sunlight mechanistic insights and real time applicability
topic hydrothermal
graphene
visible light
complete degradation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/13/953
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