Investigation on Locking and Pulling Modes in Analog Frequency Dividers

We compare the main analytical results available to estimate the locking range, which is the key figure-of-merit of LC frequency dividers based on the injection locking phenomenon. Starting from the classical result by Adler concerning injection-locked oscillators, we elucidate the merits and the sh...

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Main Authors: Antonio Buonomo, Alessandro Lo Schiavo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2013-01-01
Series:Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/246742
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author Antonio Buonomo
Alessandro Lo Schiavo
author_facet Antonio Buonomo
Alessandro Lo Schiavo
author_sort Antonio Buonomo
collection DOAJ
description We compare the main analytical results available to estimate the locking range, which is the key figure-of-merit of LC frequency dividers based on the injection locking phenomenon. Starting from the classical result by Adler concerning injection-locked oscillators, we elucidate the merits and the shortcomings of the different approaches to study injection-locked frequency dividers, with particular emphasis on divider-by-2. In particular, we show the potential of a perturbation approach which enables a more complete analysis of frequency dividers, making it possible to calculate not only the amplitude and the phase of the locked oscillation, but also the region where it exists and is stable, which defines the locking region. Finally, we analyze the dynamical behaviour of the dividers in the vicinity of the boundary of the locking region, showing that there exists a border region where the occurrence of the locking or the pulling operation mode is possible, depending on the initial conditions of the system.
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spelling doaj-art-28c8fbc4e7ff4f4badb46950731f25d12025-08-20T02:03:51ZengWileyJournal of Electrical and Computer Engineering2090-01472090-01552013-01-01201310.1155/2013/246742246742Investigation on Locking and Pulling Modes in Analog Frequency DividersAntonio Buonomo0Alessandro Lo Schiavo1Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, ItalySeconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, ItalyWe compare the main analytical results available to estimate the locking range, which is the key figure-of-merit of LC frequency dividers based on the injection locking phenomenon. Starting from the classical result by Adler concerning injection-locked oscillators, we elucidate the merits and the shortcomings of the different approaches to study injection-locked frequency dividers, with particular emphasis on divider-by-2. In particular, we show the potential of a perturbation approach which enables a more complete analysis of frequency dividers, making it possible to calculate not only the amplitude and the phase of the locked oscillation, but also the region where it exists and is stable, which defines the locking region. Finally, we analyze the dynamical behaviour of the dividers in the vicinity of the boundary of the locking region, showing that there exists a border region where the occurrence of the locking or the pulling operation mode is possible, depending on the initial conditions of the system.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/246742
spellingShingle Antonio Buonomo
Alessandro Lo Schiavo
Investigation on Locking and Pulling Modes in Analog Frequency Dividers
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
title Investigation on Locking and Pulling Modes in Analog Frequency Dividers
title_full Investigation on Locking and Pulling Modes in Analog Frequency Dividers
title_fullStr Investigation on Locking and Pulling Modes in Analog Frequency Dividers
title_full_unstemmed Investigation on Locking and Pulling Modes in Analog Frequency Dividers
title_short Investigation on Locking and Pulling Modes in Analog Frequency Dividers
title_sort investigation on locking and pulling modes in analog frequency dividers
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/246742
work_keys_str_mv AT antoniobuonomo investigationonlockingandpullingmodesinanalogfrequencydividers
AT alessandroloschiavo investigationonlockingandpullingmodesinanalogfrequencydividers