Human influence on Amazon’s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decade

Abstract The Amazon rainforest is crucial for the global carbon cycle, yet annual changes in its aboveground biomass carbon (AGC) stock remain highly uncertain. Natural and local anthropogenic drivers such as deforestation, forest degradation, and regrowth following deforestation interact with large...

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Main Authors: Arthur Fendrich, Yu Feng, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Jerôme Chave, Arnan Araza, Zheyuan Li, Martin Herold, Jean Ometto, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Isabel Martinez Cano, Lei Zhu, Yidi Xu, Philippe Ciais
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61856-1
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author Arthur Fendrich
Yu Feng
Jean-Pierre Wigneron
Jerôme Chave
Arnan Araza
Zheyuan Li
Martin Herold
Jean Ometto
Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
Isabel Martinez Cano
Lei Zhu
Yidi Xu
Philippe Ciais
author_facet Arthur Fendrich
Yu Feng
Jean-Pierre Wigneron
Jerôme Chave
Arnan Araza
Zheyuan Li
Martin Herold
Jean Ometto
Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
Isabel Martinez Cano
Lei Zhu
Yidi Xu
Philippe Ciais
author_sort Arthur Fendrich
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Amazon rainforest is crucial for the global carbon cycle, yet annual changes in its aboveground biomass carbon (AGC) stock remain highly uncertain. Natural and local anthropogenic drivers such as deforestation, forest degradation, and regrowth following deforestation interact with large-scale climate variability to determine AGC dynamics. Here, we propose an approach to disaggregate low-frequency passive L-band microwave data over 2010-2020 and reconstruct maps of annual change. We show that the Amazon lost −0.37 ± 0.17 PgC, with gains by undisturbed (0.33 ± 0.13 PgC) and secondary forest growth (0.33 ± 0.05 PgC) outweighed by losses by deforestation (−0.55 ± 0.04 PgC), degradation (−0.42 ± 0.08 PgC), and agricultural areas (−0.06 ± 0.03 PgC). Losses in human-influenced land intensified over time and amounted to 60% of all gross losses in El Niño years. Our study reinforces the need for stronger implementation of policies and effective actions to control forest degradation.
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spelling doaj-art-28bf6d1a42254dafbf9bb69445f7cc2d2025-08-20T03:46:09ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-011611910.1038/s41467-025-61856-1Human influence on Amazon’s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decadeArthur Fendrich0Yu Feng1Jean-Pierre Wigneron2Jerôme Chave3Arnan Araza4Zheyuan Li5Martin Herold6Jean Ometto7Luiz E. O. C. Aragão8Isabel Martinez Cano9Lei Zhu10Yidi Xu11Philippe Ciais12Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR 1572 CEA-CNRS-UVSQLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR 1572 CEA-CNRS-UVSQINRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPACentre de Recherche Biodiversite Environnement, CNRS, IRD, UPS, INPTEarth Systems and Global Change, Wageningen University and ResearchSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan UniversityInstitute for Environmental Science and Geography, University of PotsdamImpact, Adaptation and Vulnerability Division, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas EspaciaisEarth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas EspaciaisLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR 1572 CEA-CNRS-UVSQLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR 1572 CEA-CNRS-UVSQLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR 1572 CEA-CNRS-UVSQLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR 1572 CEA-CNRS-UVSQAbstract The Amazon rainforest is crucial for the global carbon cycle, yet annual changes in its aboveground biomass carbon (AGC) stock remain highly uncertain. Natural and local anthropogenic drivers such as deforestation, forest degradation, and regrowth following deforestation interact with large-scale climate variability to determine AGC dynamics. Here, we propose an approach to disaggregate low-frequency passive L-band microwave data over 2010-2020 and reconstruct maps of annual change. We show that the Amazon lost −0.37 ± 0.17 PgC, with gains by undisturbed (0.33 ± 0.13 PgC) and secondary forest growth (0.33 ± 0.05 PgC) outweighed by losses by deforestation (−0.55 ± 0.04 PgC), degradation (−0.42 ± 0.08 PgC), and agricultural areas (−0.06 ± 0.03 PgC). Losses in human-influenced land intensified over time and amounted to 60% of all gross losses in El Niño years. Our study reinforces the need for stronger implementation of policies and effective actions to control forest degradation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61856-1
spellingShingle Arthur Fendrich
Yu Feng
Jean-Pierre Wigneron
Jerôme Chave
Arnan Araza
Zheyuan Li
Martin Herold
Jean Ometto
Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
Isabel Martinez Cano
Lei Zhu
Yidi Xu
Philippe Ciais
Human influence on Amazon’s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decade
Nature Communications
title Human influence on Amazon’s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decade
title_full Human influence on Amazon’s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decade
title_fullStr Human influence on Amazon’s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decade
title_full_unstemmed Human influence on Amazon’s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decade
title_short Human influence on Amazon’s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decade
title_sort human influence on amazon s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decade
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61856-1
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