Barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare services among elderly people living in a rural Amazonian community, Brazil

Abstract Background Health care utilisation is determined by complex interactions. Older adults living in rural areas appear to face greater barriers to health care, particularly in areas of the Amazon region. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between predisposing, enabling, and...

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Main Authors: Gleica Soyan Barbosa Alves, Fernando José Herkrath, Rosana Cristina Pereira Parente, Rita Dariene da Silva Pinheiro, Mario Vianna Vettore
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Health Services Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12945-w
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author Gleica Soyan Barbosa Alves
Fernando José Herkrath
Rosana Cristina Pereira Parente
Rita Dariene da Silva Pinheiro
Mario Vianna Vettore
author_facet Gleica Soyan Barbosa Alves
Fernando José Herkrath
Rosana Cristina Pereira Parente
Rita Dariene da Silva Pinheiro
Mario Vianna Vettore
author_sort Gleica Soyan Barbosa Alves
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Health care utilisation is determined by complex interactions. Older adults living in rural areas appear to face greater barriers to health care, particularly in areas of the Amazon region. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics, and utilisation of medical services among elderly people living in rural areas in Amazon region, Brazil. Methods A household-based cross-sectional study with 285 elderly people aged 60 years or older living in a rural community in the Amazonas state, Brazil, was conducted. Interviews were used to collect data on predisposing (demographics), enabling (socioeconomic and health services factors), and need characteristics (self-reported health measures). The outcome was utilisation of medical services in the public health system in the last 12 months. Structural equation modelling was guided by Andersen’s behavioural model. Findings Utilisation of medical services in the last 12 months was reported by 64% of the participants. Lower age (β = -0.138), poor internal housing conditions (β = 0.184), lower frequency of home visits by community health workers (β = -0.129), seeking the same health care service (β = 0.264) and regular use of medication (β = 0.212) directly predicted utilisation of medical services. Significant indirect effects were detected between predisposing (sex, being married, functional dependence), enabling (income, number of goods, external housing conditions, registration in primary care, distance between household and primary care unit), need characteristics (number of chronic diseases) and utilisation medical services in the last 12 months. Conclusions The determinants of utilisation of medical services among elderly people living in rural areas are complex and interconnected encompassing demographics, socioeconomic factors, characteristics of the health services, number of chronic diseases and regular use of medication.
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issn 1472-6963
language English
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spelling doaj-art-28b1cfd8a4bf49b68224374ee54770b62025-08-20T03:37:20ZengBMCBMC Health Services Research1472-69632025-07-0125111410.1186/s12913-025-12945-wBarriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare services among elderly people living in a rural Amazonian community, BrazilGleica Soyan Barbosa Alves0Fernando José Herkrath1Rosana Cristina Pereira Parente2Rita Dariene da Silva Pinheiro3Mario Vianna Vettore4Laboratório de Situação de Saúde e Gestão do Cuidado de Populações Indígenas e outros grupos vulneráveis– SAGESPI, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria DeaneLaboratório de Situação de Saúde e Gestão do Cuidado de Populações Indígenas e outros grupos vulneráveis– SAGESPI, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria DeaneLaboratório de Situação de Saúde e Gestão do Cuidado de Populações Indígenas e outros grupos vulneráveis– SAGESPI, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria DeaneLaboratório de Situação de Saúde e Gestão do Cuidado de Populações Indígenas e outros grupos vulneráveis– SAGESPI, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria DeaneDepartment of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus UniversityAbstract Background Health care utilisation is determined by complex interactions. Older adults living in rural areas appear to face greater barriers to health care, particularly in areas of the Amazon region. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics, and utilisation of medical services among elderly people living in rural areas in Amazon region, Brazil. Methods A household-based cross-sectional study with 285 elderly people aged 60 years or older living in a rural community in the Amazonas state, Brazil, was conducted. Interviews were used to collect data on predisposing (demographics), enabling (socioeconomic and health services factors), and need characteristics (self-reported health measures). The outcome was utilisation of medical services in the public health system in the last 12 months. Structural equation modelling was guided by Andersen’s behavioural model. Findings Utilisation of medical services in the last 12 months was reported by 64% of the participants. Lower age (β = -0.138), poor internal housing conditions (β = 0.184), lower frequency of home visits by community health workers (β = -0.129), seeking the same health care service (β = 0.264) and regular use of medication (β = 0.212) directly predicted utilisation of medical services. Significant indirect effects were detected between predisposing (sex, being married, functional dependence), enabling (income, number of goods, external housing conditions, registration in primary care, distance between household and primary care unit), need characteristics (number of chronic diseases) and utilisation medical services in the last 12 months. Conclusions The determinants of utilisation of medical services among elderly people living in rural areas are complex and interconnected encompassing demographics, socioeconomic factors, characteristics of the health services, number of chronic diseases and regular use of medication.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12945-wAgedEpidemiological modelsLatent class analysisRural health servicesRural population
spellingShingle Gleica Soyan Barbosa Alves
Fernando José Herkrath
Rosana Cristina Pereira Parente
Rita Dariene da Silva Pinheiro
Mario Vianna Vettore
Barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare services among elderly people living in a rural Amazonian community, Brazil
BMC Health Services Research
Aged
Epidemiological models
Latent class analysis
Rural health services
Rural population
title Barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare services among elderly people living in a rural Amazonian community, Brazil
title_full Barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare services among elderly people living in a rural Amazonian community, Brazil
title_fullStr Barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare services among elderly people living in a rural Amazonian community, Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare services among elderly people living in a rural Amazonian community, Brazil
title_short Barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare services among elderly people living in a rural Amazonian community, Brazil
title_sort barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare services among elderly people living in a rural amazonian community brazil
topic Aged
Epidemiological models
Latent class analysis
Rural health services
Rural population
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12945-w
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