Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Systems and Oral Vaccine Delivery Vectors for Mucosal Vaccination

Mucosal immunization represents a promising strategy for preventing enteric infections. Rotavirus (RV), a leading gastrointestinal pathogen distinguished by its remarkable stability and segmented double-stranded RNA genome, has been engineered into a versatile oral vaccine vector through advanced re...

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Main Authors: Jun Wang, Songkang Qin, Kuanhao Li, Xin Yin, Dongbo Sun, Jitao Chang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1579
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author Jun Wang
Songkang Qin
Kuanhao Li
Xin Yin
Dongbo Sun
Jitao Chang
author_facet Jun Wang
Songkang Qin
Kuanhao Li
Xin Yin
Dongbo Sun
Jitao Chang
author_sort Jun Wang
collection DOAJ
description Mucosal immunization represents a promising strategy for preventing enteric infections. Rotavirus (RV), a leading gastrointestinal pathogen distinguished by its remarkable stability and segmented double-stranded RNA genome, has been engineered into a versatile oral vaccine vector through advanced reverse genetics systems. The clinical efficacy of live-attenuated RV vaccines highlights their unique capacity to concurrently induce mucosal IgA responses and systemic neutralizing antibodies, positioning them as a multiple action vector for multiple immune protection. In this review, we summarize the RV colonization of the intestine and stimulation of intestinal immunity, as well as recent advancements in RV reverse genetics, and focus on their application in the rational design of a multivalent mucosal vaccine vector targeting enteric pathogens considering the advantages and challenges of RV as a vector. We further propose molecular strategies to overcome genetic instability in recombinant RV vectors, including the codon optimization of heterologous inserts. These insights provide a theoretical foundation for developing next-generation mucosal immunization platforms with enhanced safety, stability, and cross-protective efficacy.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-2607
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Microorganisms
spelling doaj-art-28a0a90dfc7848dfb60fdf329836316b2025-08-20T03:35:28ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-07-01137157910.3390/microorganisms13071579Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Systems and Oral Vaccine Delivery Vectors for Mucosal VaccinationJun Wang0Songkang Qin1Kuanhao Li2Xin Yin3Dongbo Sun4Jitao Chang5State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaMucosal immunization represents a promising strategy for preventing enteric infections. Rotavirus (RV), a leading gastrointestinal pathogen distinguished by its remarkable stability and segmented double-stranded RNA genome, has been engineered into a versatile oral vaccine vector through advanced reverse genetics systems. The clinical efficacy of live-attenuated RV vaccines highlights their unique capacity to concurrently induce mucosal IgA responses and systemic neutralizing antibodies, positioning them as a multiple action vector for multiple immune protection. In this review, we summarize the RV colonization of the intestine and stimulation of intestinal immunity, as well as recent advancements in RV reverse genetics, and focus on their application in the rational design of a multivalent mucosal vaccine vector targeting enteric pathogens considering the advantages and challenges of RV as a vector. We further propose molecular strategies to overcome genetic instability in recombinant RV vectors, including the codon optimization of heterologous inserts. These insights provide a theoretical foundation for developing next-generation mucosal immunization platforms with enhanced safety, stability, and cross-protective efficacy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1579rotavirusreverse geneticsrecombinant rotavirustransduction vectormucosal immunity
spellingShingle Jun Wang
Songkang Qin
Kuanhao Li
Xin Yin
Dongbo Sun
Jitao Chang
Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Systems and Oral Vaccine Delivery Vectors for Mucosal Vaccination
Microorganisms
rotavirus
reverse genetics
recombinant rotavirus
transduction vector
mucosal immunity
title Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Systems and Oral Vaccine Delivery Vectors for Mucosal Vaccination
title_full Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Systems and Oral Vaccine Delivery Vectors for Mucosal Vaccination
title_fullStr Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Systems and Oral Vaccine Delivery Vectors for Mucosal Vaccination
title_full_unstemmed Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Systems and Oral Vaccine Delivery Vectors for Mucosal Vaccination
title_short Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Systems and Oral Vaccine Delivery Vectors for Mucosal Vaccination
title_sort rotavirus reverse genetics systems and oral vaccine delivery vectors for mucosal vaccination
topic rotavirus
reverse genetics
recombinant rotavirus
transduction vector
mucosal immunity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1579
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