Association between prenatal exposure to bisphenols and preterm birth: the interaction effect of anemia
Maternal exposure to bisphenols (BPs) during pregnancy may negatively impact birth outcomes. However, research on the interaction between anemia and exposure in relation to preterm birth (PTB) is limited. A prospective birth cohort was used to assess the relationship between prenatal exposure to BPs...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025004751 |
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| author | Ya-ling Li Hong-yu Mao Lu-ming Yan Zi-yi Liu Shu Sun Ting-ting Jiang Le-yan Xu Xin-yi Zhang Bo-lin Liu Min Zhu Ji-an Xie Jia-hu Hao Chao Zhang |
| author_facet | Ya-ling Li Hong-yu Mao Lu-ming Yan Zi-yi Liu Shu Sun Ting-ting Jiang Le-yan Xu Xin-yi Zhang Bo-lin Liu Min Zhu Ji-an Xie Jia-hu Hao Chao Zhang |
| author_sort | Ya-ling Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maternal exposure to bisphenols (BPs) during pregnancy may negatively impact birth outcomes. However, research on the interaction between anemia and exposure in relation to preterm birth (PTB) is limited. A prospective birth cohort was used to assess the relationship between prenatal exposure to BPs and PTB, and to explore potential effect modification by maternal anemia. The maternal urine samples were collected during each trimester to measure BPs concentrations. The associations between individual BPs and PTB were assessed using generalized linear model (GLM). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) identified critical exposure windows. Multiple statistical methods—including quantile g-computation (q-gcomp), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR)—were employed to evaluate cumulative and mixture effects. Interaction analyses on both additive and multiplicative scales were performed for selected BPs linked to PTB and time windows of maternal anemia sensitivity. Significant associations were observed between BPs exposure and PTB, particularly for BPAF and BPP in early pregnancy (OR = 1.222, 95 % CI: 1.006–1.486 and OR = 1.454, 95 % CI: 1.054–2.007), and for BPB in both mid (OR = 1.651) and late pregnancy (OR = 1.952). GEEs confirmed early and late pregnancy as critical windows. Cumulative exposure analyses indicated that higher BPs levels in these periods significantly increased PTB odds. Significant additive and multiplicative interactions were identified between the third trimester BPB exposure and maternal anemia, suggesting a potential synergistic effect on PTB. The study found that prenatal exposure to specific BPs is significantly associated with increased risk of PTB, with critical exposure windows identified in early and late pregnancy, and reveals that maternal anemia may amplify these effects through synergistic interactions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-28919f3a9c024c8f93dca0559394178f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj-art-28919f3a9c024c8f93dca0559394178f2025-08-20T05:04:12ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-09-0120310972410.1016/j.envint.2025.109724Association between prenatal exposure to bisphenols and preterm birth: the interaction effect of anemiaYa-ling Li0Hong-yu Mao1Lu-ming Yan2Zi-yi Liu3Shu Sun4Ting-ting Jiang5Le-yan Xu6Xin-yi Zhang7Bo-lin Liu8Min Zhu9Ji-an Xie10Jia-hu Hao11Chao Zhang12Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, ChinaDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, ChinaDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, ChinaDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, ChinaDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, ChinaDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, ChinaAnhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, ChinaDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, ChinaAnhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, ChinaWuhu Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Wuhu, Anhui Province, ChinaAnhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, ChinaDepartment of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Corresponding authors at: School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Corresponding authors at: School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.Maternal exposure to bisphenols (BPs) during pregnancy may negatively impact birth outcomes. However, research on the interaction between anemia and exposure in relation to preterm birth (PTB) is limited. A prospective birth cohort was used to assess the relationship between prenatal exposure to BPs and PTB, and to explore potential effect modification by maternal anemia. The maternal urine samples were collected during each trimester to measure BPs concentrations. The associations between individual BPs and PTB were assessed using generalized linear model (GLM). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) identified critical exposure windows. Multiple statistical methods—including quantile g-computation (q-gcomp), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR)—were employed to evaluate cumulative and mixture effects. Interaction analyses on both additive and multiplicative scales were performed for selected BPs linked to PTB and time windows of maternal anemia sensitivity. Significant associations were observed between BPs exposure and PTB, particularly for BPAF and BPP in early pregnancy (OR = 1.222, 95 % CI: 1.006–1.486 and OR = 1.454, 95 % CI: 1.054–2.007), and for BPB in both mid (OR = 1.651) and late pregnancy (OR = 1.952). GEEs confirmed early and late pregnancy as critical windows. Cumulative exposure analyses indicated that higher BPs levels in these periods significantly increased PTB odds. Significant additive and multiplicative interactions were identified between the third trimester BPB exposure and maternal anemia, suggesting a potential synergistic effect on PTB. The study found that prenatal exposure to specific BPs is significantly associated with increased risk of PTB, with critical exposure windows identified in early and late pregnancy, and reveals that maternal anemia may amplify these effects through synergistic interactions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025004751Prenatal exposureBisphenolsPreterm birthBirth cohortAnemia |
| spellingShingle | Ya-ling Li Hong-yu Mao Lu-ming Yan Zi-yi Liu Shu Sun Ting-ting Jiang Le-yan Xu Xin-yi Zhang Bo-lin Liu Min Zhu Ji-an Xie Jia-hu Hao Chao Zhang Association between prenatal exposure to bisphenols and preterm birth: the interaction effect of anemia Environment International Prenatal exposure Bisphenols Preterm birth Birth cohort Anemia |
| title | Association between prenatal exposure to bisphenols and preterm birth: the interaction effect of anemia |
| title_full | Association between prenatal exposure to bisphenols and preterm birth: the interaction effect of anemia |
| title_fullStr | Association between prenatal exposure to bisphenols and preterm birth: the interaction effect of anemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between prenatal exposure to bisphenols and preterm birth: the interaction effect of anemia |
| title_short | Association between prenatal exposure to bisphenols and preterm birth: the interaction effect of anemia |
| title_sort | association between prenatal exposure to bisphenols and preterm birth the interaction effect of anemia |
| topic | Prenatal exposure Bisphenols Preterm birth Birth cohort Anemia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025004751 |
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