Distribution and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils at Select Urban Parks at Eastern Canadian Cities

This study investigated the human health risks associated with exposure to potentially toxic metals, including arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, at select parks in Eastern Canadian cities. Except for arsenic in Halifax, the mean metal concentrations in the c...

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Main Authors: Matt Dodd, Abdurrazzaq Durojaiye, Julia Dupuis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Soil Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/8/4/123
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author Matt Dodd
Abdurrazzaq Durojaiye
Julia Dupuis
author_facet Matt Dodd
Abdurrazzaq Durojaiye
Julia Dupuis
author_sort Matt Dodd
collection DOAJ
description This study investigated the human health risks associated with exposure to potentially toxic metals, including arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, at select parks in Eastern Canadian cities. Except for arsenic in Halifax, the mean metal concentrations in the cities, including Saint John, Fredericton, Ottawa, Toronto, London, Windsor, Woodstock, Kitchener, Guelph, Chatham, and Montreal, were below the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment soil quality guideline for parkland use. Metal distribution reflected either the regional natural-occurring concentrations or anthropogenic sources such as industrial activities, historical land use, and heavy traffic corridors. In vitro bioaccessibility values were variable and in the order chromium < nickel < cobalt < arsenic < zinc < copper < lead < cadmium. The risk associated with incidental soil ingestion for children, incorporating bioaccessibility, indicated unacceptable levels of non-carcinogenic effects for 6 out of the 101 samples analyzed. For adults, unacceptable non-carcinogenic effects were noted for only one sample. Lead was the leading contributor to the non-carcinogenic risk. Carcinogenic risk for arsenic was limited to two samples. The overall risks associated with exposure to metals in soils in most of the parks studied were deemed low except for arsenic and lead at a few parks.
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spelling doaj-art-288ec20ebc4446008f5fb39c29135f5c2025-08-20T02:01:29ZengMDPI AGSoil Systems2571-87892024-11-018412310.3390/soilsystems8040123Distribution and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils at Select Urban Parks at Eastern Canadian CitiesMatt Dodd0Abdurrazzaq Durojaiye1Julia Dupuis2School of Environment and Sustainability, Royal Roads University, 2005 Sooke Rd, Victoria, BC V8T 2L1, CanadaSchool of Environment and Sustainability, Royal Roads University, 2005 Sooke Rd, Victoria, BC V8T 2L1, CanadaSchool of Environment and Sustainability, Royal Roads University, 2005 Sooke Rd, Victoria, BC V8T 2L1, CanadaThis study investigated the human health risks associated with exposure to potentially toxic metals, including arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, at select parks in Eastern Canadian cities. Except for arsenic in Halifax, the mean metal concentrations in the cities, including Saint John, Fredericton, Ottawa, Toronto, London, Windsor, Woodstock, Kitchener, Guelph, Chatham, and Montreal, were below the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment soil quality guideline for parkland use. Metal distribution reflected either the regional natural-occurring concentrations or anthropogenic sources such as industrial activities, historical land use, and heavy traffic corridors. In vitro bioaccessibility values were variable and in the order chromium < nickel < cobalt < arsenic < zinc < copper < lead < cadmium. The risk associated with incidental soil ingestion for children, incorporating bioaccessibility, indicated unacceptable levels of non-carcinogenic effects for 6 out of the 101 samples analyzed. For adults, unacceptable non-carcinogenic effects were noted for only one sample. Lead was the leading contributor to the non-carcinogenic risk. Carcinogenic risk for arsenic was limited to two samples. The overall risks associated with exposure to metals in soils in most of the parks studied were deemed low except for arsenic and lead at a few parks.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/8/4/123urban parksplaygroundsmetalsin vitro bioaccessibility
spellingShingle Matt Dodd
Abdurrazzaq Durojaiye
Julia Dupuis
Distribution and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils at Select Urban Parks at Eastern Canadian Cities
Soil Systems
urban parks
playgrounds
metals
in vitro bioaccessibility
title Distribution and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils at Select Urban Parks at Eastern Canadian Cities
title_full Distribution and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils at Select Urban Parks at Eastern Canadian Cities
title_fullStr Distribution and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils at Select Urban Parks at Eastern Canadian Cities
title_full_unstemmed Distribution and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils at Select Urban Parks at Eastern Canadian Cities
title_short Distribution and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils at Select Urban Parks at Eastern Canadian Cities
title_sort distribution and in vitro bioaccessibility of potentially toxic metals in soils at select urban parks at eastern canadian cities
topic urban parks
playgrounds
metals
in vitro bioaccessibility
url https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/8/4/123
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AT juliadupuis distributionandinvitrobioaccessibilityofpotentiallytoxicmetalsinsoilsatselecturbanparksateasterncanadiancities