Energy absorption and mechanical performance of kenaf yarn/fibreglass mesh/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites: Influence of mesh density
Kenaf-based composites have environmental and economic benefits, but their mechanical performance is generally inferior to synthetic composites, restricting their use in load-bearing automobile components. A solution is to hybridise kenaf fibres with synthetic reinforcements like fibreglass mesh. Th...
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Elsevier
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425011123 |
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| author | Mohamad Yusuf Salim Muhamad Fauzi Muhammad Fitri Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas Mohd Haziq Dzulkifli Shukur Abu Hassan Abu Bakar Mohd Supian Muhammad Rizal Razman |
| author_facet | Mohamad Yusuf Salim Muhamad Fauzi Muhammad Fitri Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas Mohd Haziq Dzulkifli Shukur Abu Hassan Abu Bakar Mohd Supian Muhammad Rizal Razman |
| author_sort | Mohamad Yusuf Salim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kenaf-based composites have environmental and economic benefits, but their mechanical performance is generally inferior to synthetic composites, restricting their use in load-bearing automobile components. A solution is to hybridise kenaf fibres with synthetic reinforcements like fibreglass mesh. The best fibreglass mesh structure and density for mechanical performance and lightweight properties are unknown. This study examines how fibreglass mesh densities affect kenaf yarn-based hybrid composite energy absorption and mechanical performance and identifies combinations for demanding automotive applications that align with the 12th Sustainable Development Goal. Moreover, the study explores the synergistic effects of mesh density on the composite's mechanical performance. The composites were fabricated using a hot compression-moulding process, stacking the kenaf fibres in 0°/45°/-45°/90° orientations, with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the matrix. The stacking sequence for the kenaf/fibreglass mesh/ABS composites followed a GKKGKKG pattern. Three different fibreglass mesh densities were tested: 1 mm2 (KGFM-1/fine), 3 mm2 (KGFM-3/medium), and 5 mm2 (KGFM-5/coarse), with results compared to kenaf/ABS composites (control sample). The experimental results showed that the KGRP-5 composite, featuring the 5 mm mesh, demonstrated superior resistance to indentation, withstanding a load of 3403.8 N. It absorbed 41.8 J of energy, with a specific energy absorption of 482.1 J/kg. Additionally, KGRP-5 exhibited excellent flexural performance, achieving a flexural strength of 76.1 MPa and a stiffness of 1323 MPa. Furthermore, the KGRP-5 composite achieved the highest short-beam shear strength of 9.6 MPa. This makes the hybridised composite with coarse mesh density a promising candidate for automotive components. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-28823fd5b72343b8a7f8681d7e2ebbca |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-28823fd5b72343b8a7f8681d7e2ebbca2025-08-20T03:10:53ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-01366890690110.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.291Energy absorption and mechanical performance of kenaf yarn/fibreglass mesh/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites: Influence of mesh densityMohamad Yusuf Salim0Muhamad Fauzi Muhammad Fitri1Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal2Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas3Mohd Haziq Dzulkifli4Shukur Abu Hassan5Abu Bakar Mohd Supian6Muhammad Rizal Razman7Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, MalaysiaAdvanced Composite Academy, Centre for Technology Excellence Sarawak (CENTEXS), Jalan Sultan Tengah, Rampangi Santubong, 93050, Kuching, Sarawak, MalaysiaInstitute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaResearch Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Kenaf-based composites have environmental and economic benefits, but their mechanical performance is generally inferior to synthetic composites, restricting their use in load-bearing automobile components. A solution is to hybridise kenaf fibres with synthetic reinforcements like fibreglass mesh. The best fibreglass mesh structure and density for mechanical performance and lightweight properties are unknown. This study examines how fibreglass mesh densities affect kenaf yarn-based hybrid composite energy absorption and mechanical performance and identifies combinations for demanding automotive applications that align with the 12th Sustainable Development Goal. Moreover, the study explores the synergistic effects of mesh density on the composite's mechanical performance. The composites were fabricated using a hot compression-moulding process, stacking the kenaf fibres in 0°/45°/-45°/90° orientations, with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the matrix. The stacking sequence for the kenaf/fibreglass mesh/ABS composites followed a GKKGKKG pattern. Three different fibreglass mesh densities were tested: 1 mm2 (KGFM-1/fine), 3 mm2 (KGFM-3/medium), and 5 mm2 (KGFM-5/coarse), with results compared to kenaf/ABS composites (control sample). The experimental results showed that the KGRP-5 composite, featuring the 5 mm mesh, demonstrated superior resistance to indentation, withstanding a load of 3403.8 N. It absorbed 41.8 J of energy, with a specific energy absorption of 482.1 J/kg. Additionally, KGRP-5 exhibited excellent flexural performance, achieving a flexural strength of 76.1 MPa and a stiffness of 1323 MPa. Furthermore, the KGRP-5 composite achieved the highest short-beam shear strength of 9.6 MPa. This makes the hybridised composite with coarse mesh density a promising candidate for automotive components.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425011123Kenaf fibreMesh densityEnergy absorptionMechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Mohamad Yusuf Salim Muhamad Fauzi Muhammad Fitri Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas Mohd Haziq Dzulkifli Shukur Abu Hassan Abu Bakar Mohd Supian Muhammad Rizal Razman Energy absorption and mechanical performance of kenaf yarn/fibreglass mesh/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites: Influence of mesh density Journal of Materials Research and Technology Kenaf fibre Mesh density Energy absorption Mechanical properties |
| title | Energy absorption and mechanical performance of kenaf yarn/fibreglass mesh/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites: Influence of mesh density |
| title_full | Energy absorption and mechanical performance of kenaf yarn/fibreglass mesh/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites: Influence of mesh density |
| title_fullStr | Energy absorption and mechanical performance of kenaf yarn/fibreglass mesh/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites: Influence of mesh density |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy absorption and mechanical performance of kenaf yarn/fibreglass mesh/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites: Influence of mesh density |
| title_short | Energy absorption and mechanical performance of kenaf yarn/fibreglass mesh/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites: Influence of mesh density |
| title_sort | energy absorption and mechanical performance of kenaf yarn fibreglass mesh acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites influence of mesh density |
| topic | Kenaf fibre Mesh density Energy absorption Mechanical properties |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425011123 |
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