Predicting Tolerance to Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children Using IgE and IgG4 Peptide Binding Profiles

Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. This study aimed to identify peptide biomarkers predictive of tolerance in a Spanish population of children with CMA. We investigated specific IgE and IgG4 binding to sequential epitopes of the five major CM allergens (α-s1-, α-s2-...

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Main Authors: Carlos Fernández-Lozano, Sergio Olmos-Piñero, Laura Sánchez-Ruano, Soledad Terrados, Mª del Carmen Diéguez, Montserrat Fernández-Rivas, Cristina Vlaicu, Inmaculada Cerecedo, Alejandro Gonzalo-Fernandez, Belén de la Hoz, Javier Martínez-Botas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/5/344
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author Carlos Fernández-Lozano
Sergio Olmos-Piñero
Laura Sánchez-Ruano
Soledad Terrados
Mª del Carmen Diéguez
Montserrat Fernández-Rivas
Cristina Vlaicu
Inmaculada Cerecedo
Alejandro Gonzalo-Fernandez
Belén de la Hoz
Javier Martínez-Botas
author_facet Carlos Fernández-Lozano
Sergio Olmos-Piñero
Laura Sánchez-Ruano
Soledad Terrados
Mª del Carmen Diéguez
Montserrat Fernández-Rivas
Cristina Vlaicu
Inmaculada Cerecedo
Alejandro Gonzalo-Fernandez
Belén de la Hoz
Javier Martínez-Botas
author_sort Carlos Fernández-Lozano
collection DOAJ
description Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. This study aimed to identify peptide biomarkers predictive of tolerance in a Spanish population of children with CMA. We investigated specific IgE and IgG4 binding to sequential epitopes of the five major CM allergens (α-s1-, α-s2-, β-, and κ-caseins as well as β-lactoglobulin) using a microarray-based immunoassay. Microarray analysis was performed in 118 patients at baseline and after 6, 18, 30, 42, and 54 months. Most patients tolerated CM at 6 months (40.7%) and 18 months (35.4%). We found significant differences in IgE and IgG4 binding intensity and diversity between allergic and tolerant patients. No differences were observed at baseline. Combining baseline IgE and IgG4 serology variables and peptide microarray analysis results, a predictive model was developed using the XGBoost algorithm to classify tolerance status at different time points. The generated models showed high predictive value at 6 and 30 months with AUCs of 0.883 and 0.833, respectively. Therefore, using IgE and IgG4 antibody-binding peptides at baseline, we generated two models predicting tolerance in children with cow’s milk allergy at 6 and 30 months.
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spelling doaj-art-285e5e6999fa48b7b3c7f4a5b82bd4392025-08-20T02:53:19ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-02-0114534410.3390/cells14050344Predicting Tolerance to Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children Using IgE and IgG4 Peptide Binding ProfilesCarlos Fernández-Lozano0Sergio Olmos-Piñero1Laura Sánchez-Ruano2Soledad Terrados3Mª del Carmen Diéguez4Montserrat Fernández-Rivas5Cristina Vlaicu6Inmaculada Cerecedo7Alejandro Gonzalo-Fernandez8Belén de la Hoz9Javier Martínez-Botas10Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, SpainServicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, SpainServicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, SpainServicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, SpainServicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, SpainREI Network RD24/0007/0027, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, 28029 Madrid, SpainServicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, SpainServicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, 28500 Madrid, SpainREI Network RD24/0007/0027, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, 28029 Madrid, SpainServicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, SpainServicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, SpainCow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. This study aimed to identify peptide biomarkers predictive of tolerance in a Spanish population of children with CMA. We investigated specific IgE and IgG4 binding to sequential epitopes of the five major CM allergens (α-s1-, α-s2-, β-, and κ-caseins as well as β-lactoglobulin) using a microarray-based immunoassay. Microarray analysis was performed in 118 patients at baseline and after 6, 18, 30, 42, and 54 months. Most patients tolerated CM at 6 months (40.7%) and 18 months (35.4%). We found significant differences in IgE and IgG4 binding intensity and diversity between allergic and tolerant patients. No differences were observed at baseline. Combining baseline IgE and IgG4 serology variables and peptide microarray analysis results, a predictive model was developed using the XGBoost algorithm to classify tolerance status at different time points. The generated models showed high predictive value at 6 and 30 months with AUCs of 0.883 and 0.833, respectively. Therefore, using IgE and IgG4 antibody-binding peptides at baseline, we generated two models predicting tolerance in children with cow’s milk allergy at 6 and 30 months.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/5/344cow’s milk allergyIgEIgG4peptidebiomarkermicroarray
spellingShingle Carlos Fernández-Lozano
Sergio Olmos-Piñero
Laura Sánchez-Ruano
Soledad Terrados
Mª del Carmen Diéguez
Montserrat Fernández-Rivas
Cristina Vlaicu
Inmaculada Cerecedo
Alejandro Gonzalo-Fernandez
Belén de la Hoz
Javier Martínez-Botas
Predicting Tolerance to Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children Using IgE and IgG4 Peptide Binding Profiles
Cells
cow’s milk allergy
IgE
IgG4
peptide
biomarker
microarray
title Predicting Tolerance to Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children Using IgE and IgG4 Peptide Binding Profiles
title_full Predicting Tolerance to Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children Using IgE and IgG4 Peptide Binding Profiles
title_fullStr Predicting Tolerance to Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children Using IgE and IgG4 Peptide Binding Profiles
title_full_unstemmed Predicting Tolerance to Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children Using IgE and IgG4 Peptide Binding Profiles
title_short Predicting Tolerance to Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children Using IgE and IgG4 Peptide Binding Profiles
title_sort predicting tolerance to cow s milk allergy in children using ige and igg4 peptide binding profiles
topic cow’s milk allergy
IgE
IgG4
peptide
biomarker
microarray
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/5/344
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