Exploring the health benefits of Ganoderma: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action

Ganoderma, a well-known medicinal mushroom, has garnered attention for its broad therapeutic properties, particularly its potent antimicrobial activities. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action and bioactive compounds responsible for the ability of Ganoderma to inhibit various pathogenic mi...

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Main Authors: Samantha C. Karunarathna, Nimesha M. Patabendige, Kalani K. Hapuarachchi, Itthayakorn Promputtha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1535246/full
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author Samantha C. Karunarathna
Nimesha M. Patabendige
Kalani K. Hapuarachchi
Itthayakorn Promputtha
Itthayakorn Promputtha
Itthayakorn Promputtha
author_facet Samantha C. Karunarathna
Nimesha M. Patabendige
Kalani K. Hapuarachchi
Itthayakorn Promputtha
Itthayakorn Promputtha
Itthayakorn Promputtha
author_sort Samantha C. Karunarathna
collection DOAJ
description Ganoderma, a well-known medicinal mushroom, has garnered attention for its broad therapeutic properties, particularly its potent antimicrobial activities. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action and bioactive compounds responsible for the ability of Ganoderma to inhibit various pathogenic microorganisms. The polysaccharides, triterpenoids, proteins, and phenolic compounds in Ganoderma exhibit strong antimicrobial effects by targeting bacterial cell walls, disrupting membrane integrity, and inhibiting key microbial enzymes. These compounds are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and various fungi. Triterpenoids, specifically, have demonstrated efficacy in modulating immune responses, further enhancing the body’s defense mechanisms against infections. Furthermore, the role of Ganoderma in preventing biofilm formation and combating antibiotic-resistant strains highlights its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. While in vitro and in vivo studies strongly support the antimicrobial properties of Ganoderma, future resety -50arch should focus on large-scale clinical trials to confirm its efficacy and explore its synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics. Establishing standardized dosages and exploring the molecular pathways of its antimicrobial actions will be key to incorporating Ganoderma into clinical practice for infection control.
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spelling doaj-art-285310286f86470985daa89e1602cbea2025-08-20T02:40:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-07-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15352461535246Exploring the health benefits of Ganoderma: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of actionSamantha C. Karunarathna0Nimesha M. Patabendige1Kalani K. Hapuarachchi2Itthayakorn Promputtha3Itthayakorn Promputtha4Itthayakorn Promputtha5Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, ChinaSchool of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, AustraliaCollege of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandEnvironmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandNatural Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandGanoderma, a well-known medicinal mushroom, has garnered attention for its broad therapeutic properties, particularly its potent antimicrobial activities. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action and bioactive compounds responsible for the ability of Ganoderma to inhibit various pathogenic microorganisms. The polysaccharides, triterpenoids, proteins, and phenolic compounds in Ganoderma exhibit strong antimicrobial effects by targeting bacterial cell walls, disrupting membrane integrity, and inhibiting key microbial enzymes. These compounds are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and various fungi. Triterpenoids, specifically, have demonstrated efficacy in modulating immune responses, further enhancing the body’s defense mechanisms against infections. Furthermore, the role of Ganoderma in preventing biofilm formation and combating antibiotic-resistant strains highlights its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. While in vitro and in vivo studies strongly support the antimicrobial properties of Ganoderma, future resety -50arch should focus on large-scale clinical trials to confirm its efficacy and explore its synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics. Establishing standardized dosages and exploring the molecular pathways of its antimicrobial actions will be key to incorporating Ganoderma into clinical practice for infection control.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1535246/fullantimicrobial activitybiofilm inhibitionpathogenic bacteriapolysaccharidessynergistic effectstriterpenoids
spellingShingle Samantha C. Karunarathna
Nimesha M. Patabendige
Kalani K. Hapuarachchi
Itthayakorn Promputtha
Itthayakorn Promputtha
Itthayakorn Promputtha
Exploring the health benefits of Ganoderma: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
antimicrobial activity
biofilm inhibition
pathogenic bacteria
polysaccharides
synergistic effects
triterpenoids
title Exploring the health benefits of Ganoderma: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action
title_full Exploring the health benefits of Ganoderma: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action
title_fullStr Exploring the health benefits of Ganoderma: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the health benefits of Ganoderma: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action
title_short Exploring the health benefits of Ganoderma: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action
title_sort exploring the health benefits of ganoderma antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action
topic antimicrobial activity
biofilm inhibition
pathogenic bacteria
polysaccharides
synergistic effects
triterpenoids
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1535246/full
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