Mapping the Star Formation and H i Gas Properties of Galaxies along Large-scale Structures around the Virgo Cluster

We investigate the star formation and neutral atomic hydrogen (H i ) gas properties of galaxies along three large-scale filaments and two galaxy groups in the wide field around the Virgo cluster. Our goal is to understand how galaxies are processed in low-density environments before falling into hig...

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Main Authors: Hyein Yoon, O. Ivy Wong, Aeree Chung, Shan Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adceaf
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author Hyein Yoon
O. Ivy Wong
Aeree Chung
Shan Huang
author_facet Hyein Yoon
O. Ivy Wong
Aeree Chung
Shan Huang
author_sort Hyein Yoon
collection DOAJ
description We investigate the star formation and neutral atomic hydrogen (H i ) gas properties of galaxies along three large-scale filaments and two galaxy groups in the wide field around the Virgo cluster. Our goal is to understand how galaxies are processed in low-density environments before falling into high-density regions. Combining the spatial distribution of galaxies with multiwavelength colors such as W3 − ​​​​​W1, NUV − r , and g − r , we find a predominance of blue galaxies across the structures, indicating normal-to-enhanced star formation, similar to that of isolated galaxies. However, one filament and one group show a significant number of red galaxies (32% and 20%, respectively), suggesting that star formation has been suppressed in low-density environments before reaching high-density regions. Intriguingly, these red galaxies span a wide range of stellar masses, and the presence of red dwarfs support that not only mass but also environment plays an important role in the quenching of star formation in cluster outskirts. One particular filament, potentially connected to Virgo, already has a group of red populations outside Virgo’s R _200 , making these galaxies good candidates for being “ preprocessed ” before entering the Virgo cluster. In addition, several galaxies in the filaments and groups possess relatively low H i gas contents, similar to cluster galaxies. However, the overall fraction of H i -deficient galaxies is not as significantly high as the fraction of red galaxies in these structures. This suggests that H i gas properties are less influenced by the environment than star formation properties in low-density regions, possibly due to gas replenishment through accretion.
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spelling doaj-art-2852deb093a942248c7efadbbc6af7e82025-08-20T02:03:20ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198613810.3847/1538-4357/adceafMapping the Star Formation and H i Gas Properties of Galaxies along Large-scale Structures around the Virgo ClusterHyein Yoon0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4048-2203O. Ivy Wong1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-3509Aeree Chung2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1440-8552Shan Huang3Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea ; hiyoon.astro@gmail.com, achung@yonsei.ac.kr; Institute for Data Innovation in Science, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Astronomy Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney , NSW 2006, AustraliaCSIRO Astronomy & Space Science , PO Box 1130, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; ICRAR-M468, University of Western Australia , Crawley, WA 6009, AustraliaDepartment of Astronomy, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea ; hiyoon.astro@gmail.com, achung@yonsei.ac.krCenter for Cosmology and Particle Physics, New York University , New York, NY 10003, USAWe investigate the star formation and neutral atomic hydrogen (H i ) gas properties of galaxies along three large-scale filaments and two galaxy groups in the wide field around the Virgo cluster. Our goal is to understand how galaxies are processed in low-density environments before falling into high-density regions. Combining the spatial distribution of galaxies with multiwavelength colors such as W3 − ​​​​​W1, NUV − r , and g − r , we find a predominance of blue galaxies across the structures, indicating normal-to-enhanced star formation, similar to that of isolated galaxies. However, one filament and one group show a significant number of red galaxies (32% and 20%, respectively), suggesting that star formation has been suppressed in low-density environments before reaching high-density regions. Intriguingly, these red galaxies span a wide range of stellar masses, and the presence of red dwarfs support that not only mass but also environment plays an important role in the quenching of star formation in cluster outskirts. One particular filament, potentially connected to Virgo, already has a group of red populations outside Virgo’s R _200 , making these galaxies good candidates for being “ preprocessed ” before entering the Virgo cluster. In addition, several galaxies in the filaments and groups possess relatively low H i gas contents, similar to cluster galaxies. However, the overall fraction of H i -deficient galaxies is not as significantly high as the fraction of red galaxies in these structures. This suggests that H i gas properties are less influenced by the environment than star formation properties in low-density regions, possibly due to gas replenishment through accretion.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adceafGalaxy environmentsCosmic webGalaxy groupsStar formationInterstellar atomic gasGalaxy evolution
spellingShingle Hyein Yoon
O. Ivy Wong
Aeree Chung
Shan Huang
Mapping the Star Formation and H i Gas Properties of Galaxies along Large-scale Structures around the Virgo Cluster
The Astrophysical Journal
Galaxy environments
Cosmic web
Galaxy groups
Star formation
Interstellar atomic gas
Galaxy evolution
title Mapping the Star Formation and H i Gas Properties of Galaxies along Large-scale Structures around the Virgo Cluster
title_full Mapping the Star Formation and H i Gas Properties of Galaxies along Large-scale Structures around the Virgo Cluster
title_fullStr Mapping the Star Formation and H i Gas Properties of Galaxies along Large-scale Structures around the Virgo Cluster
title_full_unstemmed Mapping the Star Formation and H i Gas Properties of Galaxies along Large-scale Structures around the Virgo Cluster
title_short Mapping the Star Formation and H i Gas Properties of Galaxies along Large-scale Structures around the Virgo Cluster
title_sort mapping the star formation and h i gas properties of galaxies along large scale structures around the virgo cluster
topic Galaxy environments
Cosmic web
Galaxy groups
Star formation
Interstellar atomic gas
Galaxy evolution
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adceaf
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