Magnitude of the benefit of progression-free survival as a potential surrogate marker in phase 3 trials assessing targeted agents in molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: systematic review.

<h4>Background</h4>In evaluation of the clinical benefit of a new targeted agent in a phase 3 trial enrolling molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), overall survival (OS) as an endpoint seems to be of limited use because of a high level of treatme...

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Main Authors: Katsuyuki Hotta, Yuka Kato, Natasha Leighl, Nagio Takigawa, Rabab Mohamed Gaafar, Hiroe Kayatani, Taizo Hirata, Kadoaki Ohashi, Toshio Kubo, Masahiro Tabata, Mitsune Tanimoto, Katsuyuki Kiura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2015-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121211&type=printable
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author Katsuyuki Hotta
Yuka Kato
Natasha Leighl
Nagio Takigawa
Rabab Mohamed Gaafar
Hiroe Kayatani
Taizo Hirata
Kadoaki Ohashi
Toshio Kubo
Masahiro Tabata
Mitsune Tanimoto
Katsuyuki Kiura
author_facet Katsuyuki Hotta
Yuka Kato
Natasha Leighl
Nagio Takigawa
Rabab Mohamed Gaafar
Hiroe Kayatani
Taizo Hirata
Kadoaki Ohashi
Toshio Kubo
Masahiro Tabata
Mitsune Tanimoto
Katsuyuki Kiura
author_sort Katsuyuki Hotta
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>In evaluation of the clinical benefit of a new targeted agent in a phase 3 trial enrolling molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), overall survival (OS) as an endpoint seems to be of limited use because of a high level of treatment crossover for ethical reasons. A more efficient and useful indicator for assessing efficacy is needed.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We identified 18 phase 3 trials in the literature investigating EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) or ALK-TKIs, now approved for use to treat NSCLC, compared with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy (eight trials were performed in molecularly selected patients and ten using an "all-comer" design). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to identify the best threshold by which to divide the groups. Although trials enrolling molecularly selected patients and all-comer trials had similar OS-hazard ratios (OS-HRs) (0.99 vs. 1.04), the former exhibited greater progression-free survival-hazard ratios (PFS-HR) (mean, 0.40 vs. 1.01; P<0.01). A PFS-HR of 0.60 successfully distinguished between the two types of trials (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%). The odds ratio for overall response was higher in trials with molecularly selected patients than in all-comer trials (mean: 6.10 vs. 1.64; P<0.01). An odds ratio of 3.40 for response afforded a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 90%.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The notably enhanced PFS benefit was quite specific to trials with molecularly selected patients. A PFS-HR cutoff of ∼0.6 may help detect clinical benefit of molecular targeted agents in which OS is of limited use, although desired threshold might differ in an individual trial.
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spelling doaj-art-284a0d7b79d247f297344308e9ec838e2025-08-20T03:17:54ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-01103e012121110.1371/journal.pone.0121211Magnitude of the benefit of progression-free survival as a potential surrogate marker in phase 3 trials assessing targeted agents in molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: systematic review.Katsuyuki HottaYuka KatoNatasha LeighlNagio TakigawaRabab Mohamed GaafarHiroe KayataniTaizo HirataKadoaki OhashiToshio KuboMasahiro TabataMitsune TanimotoKatsuyuki Kiura<h4>Background</h4>In evaluation of the clinical benefit of a new targeted agent in a phase 3 trial enrolling molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), overall survival (OS) as an endpoint seems to be of limited use because of a high level of treatment crossover for ethical reasons. A more efficient and useful indicator for assessing efficacy is needed.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We identified 18 phase 3 trials in the literature investigating EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) or ALK-TKIs, now approved for use to treat NSCLC, compared with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy (eight trials were performed in molecularly selected patients and ten using an "all-comer" design). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to identify the best threshold by which to divide the groups. Although trials enrolling molecularly selected patients and all-comer trials had similar OS-hazard ratios (OS-HRs) (0.99 vs. 1.04), the former exhibited greater progression-free survival-hazard ratios (PFS-HR) (mean, 0.40 vs. 1.01; P<0.01). A PFS-HR of 0.60 successfully distinguished between the two types of trials (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%). The odds ratio for overall response was higher in trials with molecularly selected patients than in all-comer trials (mean: 6.10 vs. 1.64; P<0.01). An odds ratio of 3.40 for response afforded a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 90%.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The notably enhanced PFS benefit was quite specific to trials with molecularly selected patients. A PFS-HR cutoff of ∼0.6 may help detect clinical benefit of molecular targeted agents in which OS is of limited use, although desired threshold might differ in an individual trial.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121211&type=printable
spellingShingle Katsuyuki Hotta
Yuka Kato
Natasha Leighl
Nagio Takigawa
Rabab Mohamed Gaafar
Hiroe Kayatani
Taizo Hirata
Kadoaki Ohashi
Toshio Kubo
Masahiro Tabata
Mitsune Tanimoto
Katsuyuki Kiura
Magnitude of the benefit of progression-free survival as a potential surrogate marker in phase 3 trials assessing targeted agents in molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: systematic review.
PLoS ONE
title Magnitude of the benefit of progression-free survival as a potential surrogate marker in phase 3 trials assessing targeted agents in molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: systematic review.
title_full Magnitude of the benefit of progression-free survival as a potential surrogate marker in phase 3 trials assessing targeted agents in molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: systematic review.
title_fullStr Magnitude of the benefit of progression-free survival as a potential surrogate marker in phase 3 trials assessing targeted agents in molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: systematic review.
title_full_unstemmed Magnitude of the benefit of progression-free survival as a potential surrogate marker in phase 3 trials assessing targeted agents in molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: systematic review.
title_short Magnitude of the benefit of progression-free survival as a potential surrogate marker in phase 3 trials assessing targeted agents in molecularly selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: systematic review.
title_sort magnitude of the benefit of progression free survival as a potential surrogate marker in phase 3 trials assessing targeted agents in molecularly selected patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer systematic review
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121211&type=printable
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