Machine Learning for Predicting the Bz Magnetic Field Component From Upstream in Situ Observations of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections
Abstract Predicting the Bz magnetic field embedded within interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), also known as the Bz problem, is a key challenge in space weather forecasting. We study the hypothesis that upstream in situ measurements of the sheath region and the first few hours of the magne...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002859 |
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| author | M. A. Reiss C. Möstl R. L. Bailey H. T. Rüdisser U. V. Amerstorfer T. Amerstorfer A. J. Weiss J. Hinterreiter A. Windisch |
| author_facet | M. A. Reiss C. Möstl R. L. Bailey H. T. Rüdisser U. V. Amerstorfer T. Amerstorfer A. J. Weiss J. Hinterreiter A. Windisch |
| author_sort | M. A. Reiss |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Predicting the Bz magnetic field embedded within interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), also known as the Bz problem, is a key challenge in space weather forecasting. We study the hypothesis that upstream in situ measurements of the sheath region and the first few hours of the magnetic obstacle provide sufficient information for predicting the downstream Bz component. To do so, we develop a predictive tool based on machine learning that is trained and tested on 348 ICMEs from Wind, STEREO‐A, and STEREO‐B measurements. We train the machine learning models to predict the minimum value of the Bz component and the maximum value of the total magnetic field Bt in the magnetic obstacle. To validate the tool, we let the ICMEs sweep over the spacecraft and assess how continually feeding in situ measurements into the tool improves the Bz prediction. We specifically find that the predictive tool can predict the minimum value of the Bz component in the magnetic obstacle with a mean absolute error of 3.12 nT and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71 when the sheath region and the first 4 hr of the magnetic obstacle are observed. While the underlying hypothesis is unlikely to solve the Bz problem, the tool shows promise for ICMEs that have a recognizable magnetic flux rope signature. Transitioning the tool to operations could lead to improved space weather forecasting. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-284836cecd144476a67e9ac07e00aed3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-284836cecd144476a67e9ac07e00aed32025-01-14T16:27:22ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902021-12-011912n/an/a10.1029/2021SW002859Machine Learning for Predicting the Bz Magnetic Field Component From Upstream in Situ Observations of Solar Coronal Mass EjectionsM. A. Reiss0C. Möstl1R. L. Bailey2H. T. Rüdisser3U. V. Amerstorfer4T. Amerstorfer5A. J. Weiss6J. Hinterreiter7A. Windisch8Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz AustriaSpace Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz AustriaZentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Vienna AustriaKnow‐Center GmbH Graz AustriaSpace Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz AustriaSpace Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz AustriaSpace Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz AustriaSpace Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz AustriaKnow‐Center GmbH Graz AustriaAbstract Predicting the Bz magnetic field embedded within interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), also known as the Bz problem, is a key challenge in space weather forecasting. We study the hypothesis that upstream in situ measurements of the sheath region and the first few hours of the magnetic obstacle provide sufficient information for predicting the downstream Bz component. To do so, we develop a predictive tool based on machine learning that is trained and tested on 348 ICMEs from Wind, STEREO‐A, and STEREO‐B measurements. We train the machine learning models to predict the minimum value of the Bz component and the maximum value of the total magnetic field Bt in the magnetic obstacle. To validate the tool, we let the ICMEs sweep over the spacecraft and assess how continually feeding in situ measurements into the tool improves the Bz prediction. We specifically find that the predictive tool can predict the minimum value of the Bz component in the magnetic obstacle with a mean absolute error of 3.12 nT and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71 when the sheath region and the first 4 hr of the magnetic obstacle are observed. While the underlying hypothesis is unlikely to solve the Bz problem, the tool shows promise for ICMEs that have a recognizable magnetic flux rope signature. Transitioning the tool to operations could lead to improved space weather forecasting.https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002859Coronal mass ejections |
| spellingShingle | M. A. Reiss C. Möstl R. L. Bailey H. T. Rüdisser U. V. Amerstorfer T. Amerstorfer A. J. Weiss J. Hinterreiter A. Windisch Machine Learning for Predicting the Bz Magnetic Field Component From Upstream in Situ Observations of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections Space Weather Coronal mass ejections |
| title | Machine Learning for Predicting the Bz Magnetic Field Component From Upstream in Situ Observations of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections |
| title_full | Machine Learning for Predicting the Bz Magnetic Field Component From Upstream in Situ Observations of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections |
| title_fullStr | Machine Learning for Predicting the Bz Magnetic Field Component From Upstream in Situ Observations of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Machine Learning for Predicting the Bz Magnetic Field Component From Upstream in Situ Observations of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections |
| title_short | Machine Learning for Predicting the Bz Magnetic Field Component From Upstream in Situ Observations of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections |
| title_sort | machine learning for predicting the bz magnetic field component from upstream in situ observations of solar coronal mass ejections |
| topic | Coronal mass ejections |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002859 |
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